GEO MID

what type of metamorphism involves no change in temperature or pressure but only shearing forces

dynamic

what term describes the degree to which a clast resembles a sphere

Sphericity

what is the mineralogical term for minerals that transform to another mineral with the same composition but different crystal structure

phase change

what type of metamorphic rock is characterized by alternating bands of dark and light-colored minerals

gneiss

what is the term for the intensity of metamorphism classified based on temperature and pressure conditions

metamorphic grade

the latin word “______” meaning fire.

ignis

what aspect of igneous rocks is based on size, shape, arrangement, and degree of crystallinity

texture

what term is used for large igneous bodies located deep beneath the earth’s surface

pluton

what is the term for a nearly vertical structure that cuts across pre-existing layering

dike

what term describes a nearly horizontal structure injected between pre-existing layering

sill

what is the name for a dome-shaped intrusion

laccolith

what process do sediments undergo to become sedimentary rocks

compaction and cementation

what combination of processes breaks up and corrodes solid rock, transforming it into sediments?

Weathering

what is the weathering type that breaks solid rocks into grains or chunks of clasts

physical

what are rocks or sediments modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater suitable for plant growth called

soil

how would you classify a lenticular intrusion with a depressed central region

lopolith

what is the term for angular clasts greater than 64mm in size

blocks

how would you describe rounded clasts greater than 64mm in size

bombs

igneous rocks that are 2-64 mm in diameter

lapilli

what happens to sediments when they are squeezed closer together

compaction

at what depth range would you typically find a batholith

greater than 100km²

crystal form with complete crystal faces

euhedral

what process involves sediments being subjected to increasingly high temperatures and pressures and undergoing chemical changes over time

burial

in sedimentary rock classification, what type consists of carbon-rich relicts of living organisms such as plants formed by accumulation and lithification

organic

in sedimentary rock classification, what type consists of minerals formed by inorganic precipitation from water solutions

chemical

what term describes a crystal form with no observable crystal faces

anhedral

it is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

Igneous Rock

a mixture of molten and semi-molten rock formed beneath the surface of the earth

magma

classification of rock that is based on the size, shape, arrangement, and degree of crystallinity

texture

another classification of rock that determines the percentage of dark-colored and light-colored minerals

composition

potassium feldspar quartz ± biotite, and muscovite are the minerals present in what type of igneous composition?

silicic

a fragment of rock erupted by a volcano

pyroclastic

what type of rock is komatite

Extrusive Rock

what is characterized by repetitive layering due to preferred mineral orientation

foliation

the transformation of existing rock into a rock with a different mineral composition

metamorphism

occurs through compaction and cementation, resulting in the formation of sedimentary rock

diagenesis

Force applied in a particular direction

differential stress

Force applied equally in all directions

confining stress

what plays a critical role in determining which minerals occur within a metamorphic rock

temperature

what is the term for igneous rocks that are <2 mm in diameter

ash

refers to glassy fragments in igneous rocks

vitric

how are terms like Ultramafic, mafic and felsic classified

color

force applied to a rock

stress

what type of metamorphism occurs along convergent plate boundaries that has high pressure

regional/dynamothermal

what metamorphic process involves chemical and mineral composition alteration of rocks by reactions with hydrothermal fluids

metasomatism

what process refers to the formation of new metamorphic mineral crystals

Neocrystallization

what is a metamorphic process that involves a change in grain shape and size only

Recrystallization

what are metamorphic rocks that lack foliation referred to as

granoblastic

 Preferred orientation of large mica flakes

Schistosity

what plays a critical role in determining which minerals occur within a metamorphic rock

temperature

what type of rock is formed from the metamorphism of limestone

marble

what are unconsolidated deposits called

sediments

Removes and transport soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust

erosion

minerals precipitate from groundwater at pores and binds cements

cementation

relics of past life left on bedding surfaces

fossils

 Textural change to a pre-existing "parent rock” or protolith

Metamorphism

mud dries up after deposition

mud cracks

The increase in temperature with increasing depth in Earth's interior

Geothermal Gradient

describes the distribution of grain size of sediments

sorting

controls the rock’s porosity and permeability

fabric