Laboratory Procedures Review

Different types of blood cells

A Complete Blood Count is performed to assess which of the following?

Thrombocytopenia

A decrease in the number of platelets is

Hemolyzed

A whole blood sample was centrifuged and the fluid portion appeared to have a red tinge to it. What is the term for this?

10

How many platelets are visible in the image?

Monocyte

The largest WBC in cat and dog blood is the

Monocyte & Neutrophil

Name the two leukocytes from left to right

Feline

In which species can the platelets be larger than the erythrocytes?

Hematopoiesis

The process of all blood cell and platelet production, primarily occurring in the red bone marrow in adult animals, is known as:

Basophil

The least commonly seen WBC in cat and dog blood is the

Sodium Citrate

What is the preferred anticoagulant for most coagulation studies?

4680

What is the absolute value of neutrophils per μL when the neutrophil percentage on the relative white blood cell count is 78%, and the total WBC count is 6000/μL?

Schistocytes

What is the erythrocyte morphology term for fragmented erythrocytes because of mechanical injury due to conditions such as DIC and neoplasia?

Megathrombocyte

An unusually large cell that may suggest an early release of platelets from the bone marrow is which type of cell?

Increased numbers of immature neutrophils

What does the term "Left-shift" refer to in the context of white blood cells?

Albumin

A significant state of hypoproteinemia in an animal is most likely caused by a sufficient loss of which of the following?

Kidneys

Blood urea nitrogen primarily assesses the function of which organ?

Dalmatian

What breed of dog has a genetic defect in their hepatocytes that prevents uric acid uptake, therefore causing the potential for uric acid crystals in the urine?

Peripheral Blood

Microfilariae of Dirofilaria immitis are usually found in which of the following locations?

Inside the body of the host

An endoparasite lives:

Hookworms

Canine ______________ are voracious blood feeders owing to their unique teeth and their large buccal cavity. Pale mucous membranes and hydremia may be seen, signaling anemia, particularly in young puppies.

Tapeworms

Cestodes are:

Ear Mite

The common name for Otodectes cynotis is:

Brown Dog Tick

What is the common name for the tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus?

Flea

Infective cysticercoids of Dipylidium caninum are found within the body of the adult ________.

6 Months

How much time must pass after a mosquito bite before Dirofilaria immitis can be detected in the blood?

Diabetes Mellitis

The presence of glucose in urine is most indicative of which condition?

Nephron

The functional unit of the kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine is called the:

Rabbits

In which animal would it be normal to have a large amount of calcium carbonate crystals in the urine?

Proteins produced by B-lymphocyte cells in response to an antigen

What are Antibodies?

DEA1

In canine blood typing, which Dog Erythrocyte Antigen is considered to have the greatest clinical significance due to its ability to elicit the most severe transfusion complications?

Predominantly noncornified squamous epithelial cells and some neutrophils, but no RBCs

During the Anestrus stage of the canine estrous cycle, what are the predominant cellular findings in a vaginal cytology smear?

When a definitive diagnosis of neoplasia is required

In which situation would histopathology be specifically recommended over cytology for a definitive diagnosis?

Gram-Positive Cocci

After performing a Gram stain, a technician observes purple-colored spherical shaped bacteria under the microscope. This indicates the bacteria are:

An infection acquired from the hospital environment or another patient

What is a nosocomial infection?

Skin Scrape

What is the common diagnostic method for identifying mites that burrow under the skin, such as Sarcoptes species?

Chasing and engulfing bacteria

What is the primary function of neutrophils as the "first line of defense"?

To perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing

What is the primary purpose of Mueller-Hinton agar in microbiology?

To detect parasite eggs and cysts by separating them from fecal debris

What is the primary purpose of a fecal flotation test in veterinary parasitology?

To differentiate between inflammation and neoplasia

What is the primary purpose of cytology evaluations in veterinary diagnostics?

Hypoadrenocorticism

What is the proper name for Addison's disease?

Polyuria

What is the term for increased production of urine?

Mean Corpuscular Volume

What is the term for the average size of red blood cells?

400

What is the total magnification of an organism being viewed with a light compounding microscope that has an ocular lens with 10× magnification and the 40× objective?

Giardia Sp.

What is this parasite?

7- 10

What number of platelets on a blood smear per HPF is considered average in a healthy patient?

Specific Gravity

What routine urinalysis test result can be obtained quickly using the refractometer?

cPLI

What test would be specific when testing for pancreatitis in a canine?

Reticulocytes

What type of cell in peripheral blood is indicative of responsive bone marrow in regenerative anemia?

Bone Marrow

Where are thombrocytes primarily produced in the dog?

Aggutination

Which abnormality is characterized by cells that appear to be clumped together and do not break up when the sample is diluted with saline?

The presence of white blood cells

Which characteristic defines an inflammatory response on cytology?

IgG

Which class of immunoglobulin is the most abundant in circulation and generally has the longest presence in the body?

von Willebrand Disease

Which coagulation disease is reported in relatively high frequency in Dobermans and dozens of other dog breeds, as well as rabbits and swine?

Triple Phosphate

Which crystal is in this image and commonly described as having a coffin lid appearance?

Vitamin K

Which deficiency results in clotting issues from the ingestion of some types of rodenticides?

Material Safety Data Sheets

Which documents provided by manufacturers of all hazardous materials must be readily available to employees at every veterinary facility?

Dermatophytes

Which fungal organisms are commonly known as "ringworm" and cause superficial skin infections in animals, often transmitted to humans?

Serum

Which is the fluid part of blood from which fibrinogen has been removed?

Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time

Which manual blood coagulation test requires a spring loaded lancet, blotting paper, and a stopwatch?

ACTH

Which of the following tests is NOT a test for evaluating coagulation disorders?

Eosinophil

Which of the following WBCs is present during allergic reactions and/or parasitic infections?

Fine Needle Aspirate

Which of the following collection methods is described as suitable for obtaining both solid and fluid samples from masses, including lymph nodes, nodular lesions, and internal organs?

Cortisol

Which of the following in NOT an electrolyte?

ACTH

Which of the following is a diagnostic test used to evaluate the adrenal gland response?

BNP

Which of the following is a test that is often tested for cardiac function and elevated in cardiac muscle damage or heart failure?

Anaerobe

Which of the following is the term for an organism that does not require oxygen to grow?

SMDA

Which of the following kidney function tests is described as an early marker of kidney disease, as a significant increase indicates the kidney is not excreting it as quickly as normal?

Toxoplasma Gondii

Which of the following parasites is of great concern to pregnant women because of the possibility of being transmitted transplacentally from mother to fetus?

Coccidioides Immitis

Which of the following systemic dimorphic fungi is known to cause "Valley Fever" and is prevalent in desert regions of the southwestern United States?

ELISA

Which of the following tests is most commonly used in veterinary practice to detect specific antigens or antibodies in serum?

Which of the following urine sample images is an example of Hematuria?

Pancreas

Which organ is the primary source of amylase production?

Toxocara Canis

Which parasite can migrate to the eye, which is a condition also known as ocular larva migraines?

Dipylidium Caninum

Which parasite does this ova belong to?

Cat

Which species commonly has hyperthyroidism?

Bacilli

Which term describes rod-shaped bacteria?

Metastasis

Which term describes the ability of malignant tumors to spread to other sites in the body?

Pancytopenia

Which term indicates a decreased number of all blood cell types?

Petechia

Which term refers to pinpoint hemorrhages?

Ixodes Scapularis

Which tick species is commonly associated with the transmission of Lyme disease?

ALT + AST

Which two enzymes are associated with damaged hepatocytes

Hyaline Casts

Which type of cast is in the image below as described as "clear and colorless", composed mostly of protein, and a normal finding includes (0-2/LPF)

Squamous Epithelial Cells

Which type of epithelial cell found in urine sediment is derived from the distal urethra, vagina, vulva, or prepuce, and is generally not considered clinically significant in small numbers?

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is an immediate reaction mediated by IgE antibodies, often leading to allergies and anaphylactic shock?

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

Which urine crystal is commonly associated with ethylene glycol toxicity in small animals?

Roundworms (Toxocara)

Whipworms (Trichuris Vulpus)

Hookworms (Ancylostoma)

Tapeworms (Dipylidium Caninum)

Tapeworms (Taenia)

Coccidia (Isospora)

Giardia Trophozoite

Giardia Oocyst

Pinworms (Oxyuris)

Brown Dog Tick (Rhipicephalus Sanguineus)

American Dog Tick (Dermacentor Variabilis)

Lone Star Tick (Amblyomma Americanum)

Deer Tick (Ixodes Scapularis)

Sarcoptes Scabei

Demodex Canis