Small and Large Intestine Overview

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to the anatomy and physiology of the small and large intestines, as well as related conditions like celiac disease and appendicitis.

Small Intestine

Section of the gastrointestinal tract where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs, consisting of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine, where the majority of chemical digestion occurs.

Jejunum

The middle section of the small intestine, primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients.

Ileum

The final part of the small intestine, which absorbs vitamin B12 and bile salts.

Villi

Small, finger-like projections on the inner surface of the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

Microvilli

Tiny projections found on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells that further increase surface area for absorption.

Celiac Disease

A serious autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

Gluten Sensitivity

A condition in which individuals experience digestive discomfort or symptoms after consuming gluten, without having celiac disease.

Haustra

Pouches in the large intestine that help to increase surface area and aid in water absorption.

Colonocyte

A type of cell in the large intestine responsible for the absorption of water and electrolytes.

Goblet Cells

Cells found in the intestines that secrete mucus, which lubricates and protects the intestinal walls.

Appendicitis

Infection or inflammation of the appendix, often caused by an obstruction, leading to swelling and potential rupture.

Hepatic Portal System

A system of veins that carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps in the emulsification and absorption of fats.