ch. 23 respiratory system test bank

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system? A) oropharynx

B) trachea

C) larynx

D) bronchi

E) alveoli

oropharynx

Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the

A) upper respiratory tract.

B) lower respiratory tract.

C) lungs.

D) alveoli.

E) bronchioles.

upper respiratory tract.

Large airborne particles are filtered by

A) choanae.

B) the soft palate.

C) hairs in the nasal vestibule.

D) the nasal sinuses.

E) the nasopharynx.

hairs in the nasal vestibule.

The conchae

A) divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.

B) provide an opening into the pharynx.

C) provide a surface for the sense of smell.

D) create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

E) provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following, except

A) filtering the air.

B) warming the air.

C) humidifying the air.

D) acting as a damping chamber when coughing.

E) acting as a resonating chamber in speech.

acting as a damping chamber when coughing.

The openings to the nostrils are the A) external nares.

B) internal nares.

C) vestibules.

D) conchae.

E) nasal apertures.

external nares.

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A) nasopharynx.

B) vestibule.

C) internal chamber.

D) conchae.

E) nasal septum.

vestibule

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A) nasopharynx.

B) oropharynx.

C) laryngopharynx.

D) aeropharynx.

E) internal pharynx.

oropharynx

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A) larynx.

B) glottis.

C) vestibule.

D) pharynx.

E) trachea.

pharynx

The auditory tubes open into the

A) nasopharynx.

B) oropharynx.

C) laryngopharynx.

D) larynx.

E) nasal cavity.

nasopharynx

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A) nasopharynx.

B) oropharynx.

C) laryngopharynx.

D) larynx.

E) nasal cavity.

oropharynx

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

A) nasopharynx

B) trachea

C) oropharynx

D) larynx

E) nasal cavity

oropharynx

The larynx contains ________ cartilages. A) three unpaired

B) six paired

C) a total of nine

D) A, B, and C

E) a variable number of

D) A, B, and C

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following, except the

A) lips.

B) nose.

C) nasal cavity.

D) pharynx.

E) paranasal sinuses.

lips

The glottis is

A) the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate.

B) a flap of elastic cartilage.

C) the opening to the larynx.

D) the opening to the pharynx.

E) part of the hard palate.

the opening to the larynx.

The vocal folds are located within the A) nasopharynx.

B) oropharynx.

C) larynx.

D) trachea.

E) bronchi.

larynx

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A) thyroid cartilage.

B) cricoid cartilage.

C) corniculate cartilage.

D) cuneiform cartilage.

E) epiglottis.

epiglottis

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

A) thyroid

B) cricoid

C) cuneiform

D) arytenoid

E) epiglottic

thyroid

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A) epiglottis

B) cuneiform

C) corniculate

D) cricoid

E) arytenoid

cricoid

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________ cartilages.

A) cricothyroid

B) innominate

C) cuneiform

D) corniculate

E) arytenoid

arytenoid

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.

A) thyroid

B) cuneiform

C) corniculate

D) epiglottic

E) vestibular

thyroid

The placement of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass the larynx is termed a(n)

A) intubation.

B) tracheostomy.

C) tunnelization.

D) trachectomy.

E) catheterization.

tracheostomy

The thyroid cartilage is attached to the cricoid cartilage by the

A) intrinsic ligaments.

B) extrinsic ligaments.

C) vestibular folds.

D) cricothyroid ligament.

E) intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

cricothyroid ligament

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

A) hard palate.

B) soft palate.

C) cribriform plate.

D) internal nares.

E) pharyngeal septum.

hard palate.

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the

A) intrinsic ligaments.

B) extrinsic ligaments.

C) ventricular folds.

D) vocal folds.

E) intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

vocal folds.

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

A) speech.

B) articulation.

C) phonation.

D) whistling.

E) ululation.

phonation

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the

A) movement of the arytenoid cartilages.

B) extrinsic ligaments.

C) contraction of laryngeal muscles.

D) A and C only

E) A, B, and C

A and C only

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

A) is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium B) is reinforced with C-shaped cartilages

C) contains many mucous glands

D) alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system

E) is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

A) trachea.

B) bronchiole.

C) laryngopharynx.

D) alveolar duct.

E) bronchus.

trachea

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A) lungs.

B) lobes of the lungs.

C) lobules of the lungs.

D) alveoli.

E) alveolar ducts.

lobes of the lungs.

They branch from the trachea at the carina.

A) terminal bronchioles

B) secondary bronchi

C) tertiary bronchi

D) primary bronchi

E) alveolar ducts

primary bronchi

The following is a list of some airways.

1. secondary bronchus

2. bronchioles

3. alveolar ducts

4. primary bronchus

5. respiratory bronchiole

6. alveoli

7. terminal bronchiole

what is the order in which air passes through

4, 1, 2, 7, 5, 3, 6.

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

A) lobes.

B) pulmonary lobules.

C) alveolar sacs.

D) vital capacity and residual volume.

E) visceral pleura and fibrous trabeculae.

pulmonary lobules.

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium.

D) ciliated squamous epithelium.

E) surfactant cells.

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are A) bronchioles.

B) terminal bronchioles.

C) pleural spaces.

D) alveoli.

E) interlobular septa.

alveoli

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

A) pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

B) moist cuboidal epithelium. C) simple squamous epithelium.

D) ciliated squamous epithelium.

E) surfactant cells.

simple squamous epithelium.

Boyle's law states that gas volume is

A) directly proportional to pressure.

B) directly proportional to temperature.

C) inversely proportional to pressure.

D) inversely proportional to temperature.

E) both A and B

inversely proportional to pressure.

Which of the following muscles might be recruited to increase inspired volume?

A) sternocleidomastoid

B) pectoralis minor

C) scalenes

D) serratus anterior

E) all of the above

all of the above

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle(s).

A) scalene

B) diaphragm

C) internal intercostal

D) external intercostal

E) serratus anterior

internal intercostal

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

A) the volume of the thorax increases.

B) the volume of the thorax decreases.

C) the volume of the lungs decreases.

D) the lungs shrink.

E) expiration occurs.

the volume of the thorax increases.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?

A) accessory muscle of expiration

B) accessory muscle of inspiration

C) primary muscle of inspiration

D) contraction increases airway resistance

E) affects lung compliance

primary muscle of inspiration

Pulmonary ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

B) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

C) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the interstitial space.

D) movement of dissolved gases from the interstitial space to the cells.

E) utilization of oxygen.

movement of air into and out of the lungs.

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

A) movement of air into and out of the lungs.

B) movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

C) movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

D) movement of dissolved gases from the blood to the alveoli.

E) utilization of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

movement of air into and out of the alveoli.

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

A) remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

B) supply oxygen to the blood.

C) maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

D) remove air from dead air space.

E) prevent gas exchange in the bronchioles.

maintain adequate alveolar ventilation.

Henry's law states that

A) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.

the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

Dalton's law states that

A) gas volume and temperature are directly proportional.

B) gas volume and pressure are inversely proportional. C) the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure.

D) in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

E) gas pressure is inversely proportional to gas volume.

in a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the individual partial pressures of the gases in the mixture.

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.

B) 45 mm Hg.

C) 50 mm Hg.

D) 70 mm Hg.

E) 100 mm Hg.

100 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.

B) 45 mm Hg.

C) 50 mm Hg.

D) 70 mm Hg.

E) 100 mm Hg.

45 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A) 40 mm Hg.

B) 45 mm Hg.

C) 50 mm Hg.

D) 70 mm Hg.

E) 100 mm Hg.

40 mm Hg.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral tissues is approximately

A) 35 mm Hg.

B) 45 mm Hg.

C) 55 mm Hg.

D) 70 mm Hg.

E) 100 mm Hg

45 mm Hg.

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is A) pulmonary ventilation.

B) external respiration.

C) internal respiration.

D) cellular respiration.

E) breathing.

internal respiration.

At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is ________ percent saturated with oxygen.

A) 10

B) 25

C) 50

D) 75

E) more than 90

more than 90

Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is A) dissolved in plasma.

B) bound to hemoglobin.

C) in ionic form as solute in the plasma.

D) bound to the same protein as carbon dioxide.

E) carried by white blood cells.

bound to hemoglobin.

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as A) solute dissolved in the plasma.

B) carbaminohemoglobin.

C) bicarbonate ions.

D) solute dissolved in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. E) carbonic acid.

bicarbonate ions.

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is

A) oxygen.

B) carbon dioxide.

C) bicarbonate ion.

D) sodium ion.

E) hemoglobin

carbon dioxide.

A 10 percent increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

A) decrease the rate of breathing.

B) increase the rate of breathing.

C) decrease pulmonary ventilation.

D) decrease the alveolar ventilation rate.

E) decrease the vital capacity.

increase the rate of breathing.

The term hypercapnia refers to

A) the cessation of breathing. B) elevated PCO2.

C) elevated PO2.

D) an increase in pH.

E) labored breathing.

elevated PCO2.

The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ________ center.

A) apneustic

B) pneumotaxic

C) inspiratory

D) expiratory

E) both A and C

inspiratory

Prolonged inspirations can result from stimulating the ________ center.

A) apneustic

B) pneumotaxic

C) expiratory

D) baroreceptor

E) chemoreceptor

apneustic

The pneumotaxic center of the pons

A) sets the at-rest respiratory pattern.

B) prolongs inspiration.

C) modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

D) suppresses the expiratory center in the medulla.

E) both B and C

modifies the rate and depth of breathing.

Higher brain centers that alter the activity of the respiratory centers include all of the following, except

A) cortical association areas. B) the precentral motor gyrus. C) the limbic system.

D) the hypothalamus.

E) Broca's center.

the precentral motor gyrus.

The Hering-Breuer reflex

A) functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure.

B) alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO2 changes.

C) alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO2 changes.

D) protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation. E) is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing.

protects the lungs from damage due to overinflation.

Which of the following systems is (are) responsible for elimination of CO2 as waste?

A) urinary

B) respiratory

C) digestive

D) all of the above

E) A and B only

A and B only

The larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles all make up the

A) upper respiratory tract.

B) lower respiratory tract.

C) internal respiratory tract. D) alveoli of the respiratory tract.

E) respiratory mucosa.

lower respiratory tract.

A mucosa consists of

A) an epithelium.

B) an underlying layer of areolar tissue.

C) stratified squamous cells. D) both A and B

E) both B and C

both A and B

Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium A) Clostridium difficile.

B) Staphylococcus aureus. C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

D) Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus.

E) both A and C

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent. A) MRSA

B) Congestive heart failure C) Cystic fibrosis

D) Myasthenia gravis

E) Parkinson's disease

Cystic fibrosis

The respiratory defense system is important because it A) helps filter the air.

B) helps warm the air.

C) keeps out debris.

D) keeps out pathogens.

E) all of the above

all of the above

________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A) Exposure to noxious stimuli

B) Exposure to unpleasant stimuli

C) Exposure to allergens

D) Exposure to debris or pathogens

E) all of the above

all of the above

The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

A) pharynx

B) esophagus

C) trachea

D) windpipe

E) right mainstem

pharynx

The laryngeal cartilage not composed of hyaline cartilage is the

A) arytenoid.

B) corniculate.

C) cricoid.

D) epiglottis.

E) thyroid.

epiglottis

The nasopharynx is divided from the rest of the pharynx by the

A) hard palate.

B) soft palate.

C) cribriform plate.

D) internal nares.

E) pharyngeal septum.

soft palate.

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

A) 1.0 cm; 15-20

B) 1.0 cm; 10-15

C) 2.5 cm; 15-20

D) 2.5 cm; 40-50

E) none of the above

2.5 cm; 15-20

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as

A) laryngitis.

B) laryngospasm.

C) acute epiglottitis.

D) strep throat.

E) acute pharyngitis.

acute epiglottitis.

During a choking episode, most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A) right primary

B) left primary

C) right secondary

D) left secondary

E) A and B are equal

right primary

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

A) three lobes; two lobes

B) two lobes; two lobes

C) two lobes; three lobes

D) three lobes; three lobes E) none of the above

three lobes; two lobes

The most superior portion of the lung is termed the

A) base.

B) apex.

C) cardiac notch.

D) hilus.

E) epipleurium.

apex

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________.

A) extrapulmonary bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi

B) lobar bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi

C) intrapulmonary bronchi; lobar bronchi

D) all of the above

E) none of the above

extrapulmonary bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi

Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each tertiary bronchus.

A) 1500

B) 3000

C) 6500

D) 10,000

E) 100,000

6500

Collectively, the layers through which the respiratory gases diffuse are known as the

A) pulmonary-basement membrane.

B) alveolar-capillary membrane.

C) pleural-basement membrane.

D) macrophages-basement membrane.

E) Type I epithelium.

alveolar-capillary membrane.

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation

A) causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.

B) causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and constrict.

C) increases minute volume. D) A and B only

E) A, B, and C

A and B only

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

A) less resistance to flow.

B) it combines olfaction with respiration.

C) it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.

D) bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.

E) it dries out the mouth.

bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

A) pleurisy.

B) pulmonary hypertension. C) asthma.

D) emphysema.

E) COPD.

pleurisy

A pulmonary embolism can be caused by ________ becoming trapped in a pulmonary artery.

A) blood clots

B) masses of fat

C) air bubbles

D) A or C only

E) A, B, and C

A, B, and C

Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for

A) pH.

B) PO2.

C) PCO2.

D) all of the above

E) both A and C

all of the above

When there is no air movement, the relationship between the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure is that

A) they are equal.

B) intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric.

C) atmospheric pressure is less than intrapulmonary.

D) atmospheric pressure is more than intrapulmonary.

E) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric.

they are equal.

The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space.

A) pleurisy

B) pneumonia

C) pneumothorax

D) pulmonary edema

E) emphysema

pneumothorax

Quiet breathing is to ________ as shallow breathing is to ________. A) eupnea; diaphragmatic breathing

B) eupnea; costal breathing C) costal breathing; eupnea D) costal breathing; diaphragmatic

E) diaphragmatic breathing; eupnea

eupnea; costal breathing

________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles too.

A) Eupnea

B) Forced breathing

C) Costal breathing

D) Vital breathing

E) both A and B

Forced breathing

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.

A) Residual volume

B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Tidal volume

E) Inspiratory capacity

Tidal volume

________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.

A) Residual inhaled volume B) Expiratory reserve volume C) Inspiratory reserve volume D) Enhanced tidal volume

E) Inspiratory capacity

Inspiratory reserve volume

Decompression sickness is a painful condition that develops when a person is exposed to a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure. Bubbles of ________ gas are responsible for the problem. A) nitrogen

B) oxygen

C) carbon dioxide

D) helium

E) an unknown

nitrogen

Each 100 ml of blood leaving the alveolar capillaries carries away roughly ________ ml of oxygen.

A) 10

B) 20

C) 30

D) 50

E) 75

20

Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is

A) emphysema.

B) COPD.

C) anoxia.

D) pulmonary embolism.

E) pneumothorax.

pulmonary embolism.

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

A) respiratory distress syndrome.

B) COPD.

C) anoxia.

D) pulmonary embolism.

E) pneumothorax.

respiratory distress syndrome.

Asthma is

A) a collapsed lung.

B) an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

C) an obstructive tumor.

D) characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.

E) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

an acute condition resulting from unusually sensitive, irritated conducting airways.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle? A) accessory muscle of expiration

B) accessory muscle of inspiration

C) primary muscle of inspiration

D) contraction increases airway resistance

E) affects lung compliance

contraction increases airway resistance

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

A) large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.

B) large masses of air can pass through the trachea.

C) it facilitates turning of the head.

D) A, B, and C

E) A and B only

large masses of food can pass through the esophagus during swallowing.

Boyle's Law of Gases states that

A) the pressure and volume of a gas are equal.

B) as the temperature goes up, the pressure goes up.

C) the total gas pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures.

D) the concentration of dissolved gas is proportional to its partial pressure.

E) if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

if the volume goes up, the pressure goes down.

Under quiet conditions, blood returning to the heart retains about ________ of its oxygen content when it leaves the lungs..

A) 25 percent

B) 50 percent

C) 75 percent

D) 90 percent

E) 100 percent

75 percent