Recombinant DNA Technology and Genetic Engineering

These flashcards cover key terms related to recombinant DNA technology and genetic engineering, providing definitions to aid understanding in preparation for examinations.

Recombinant DNA Technology

A technique used in genetic engineering that involves the identification, isolation, and insertion of a desired gene into a vector to form a recombinant DNA molecule.

Genetic engineering

The process of altering the DNA in an organism’s genome to change its characteristics in a particular way.

Transgenic plants

Plants that have been genetically modified to contain genes from other species.

Restriction enzymes

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences, commonly used in genetic engineering.

Genome

An organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.

Phenotype

An individual's observable traits, such as height, eye color, and blood type.

Genotype

The genetic material passed between generations, representing the genetic constitution.

Cloning vector

A self-replicating DNA molecule, such as a plasmid or bacteriophage, into which a DNA fragment is inserted.

PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)

A method used to amplify small sections of DNA, producing thousands to millions of copies from a small sample.

Chimeras

Individuals whose bodies are composed of cells that are genetically distinct, raising ethical questions in genetic engineering.