hittites, phoenicians, israelites, assyrians

pastoral nomads

domesticated animals for food/clothing, steady migrations

hittites advancement

development of iron weapons and tools, military strategies

hittites interaction

Indo-European people formed Hittite Kingdom, after collapse, many city-states and small kingdoms emerged in Syria/Palestine area, made iron ore more widely available

pheonicians alphabet development

22 characters that represented different sounds, not the first to invent alphabet, but theirs influenced the Greek alphabet which influenced Roman alphabet which influenced modern

pheonicians trade

produces many goods, sea trade: trad empire, developed ships, trade routes in Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean

Israelities monotheism

worshipping and praying to one god, ‘Yahweh’, god of mercy and love

Abraham

first Hebrew patriarch, called by God to make a journey to new land, founded Israel

Abrahamic religions

Judaism, Christianity, Islam

Jerusalem

capital of Israelite Kingdom, most powerful city

King Solomon

wisdom, kindness, brought Israel to its greatest power, expanded government and army and encouraged trade; Israel split into North (led by Judah ‘Judaism)/South after his death

Divided Kingdom (Judah)

consisted of 2 tribes, capital at Jerusalem

Assayrians

technology - iron weapons, religion - worshiped god of war, postal system - efficient postal system, network of posts throughout land, used horses to carry messages,

Assayrian downfall

internal conflicts, resentment led to downfall, taken over by Chaldeans, Medes

persians

Cyrus the great: founder of persian empire, invaded and conquered countries - Egypt, Thrace, Greece

Darius

son of cyrus the great, expanded persian empire, created satrapies

satrapies

provinces with their own governors ‘satrap’, collected taxes, provided justice, recruited soldiers