Nutrition for Children, Adolescents and Older Adults

Childhood

refers to the time between second birthday and puberty

A child’s need for calories depends on what?

body size

activity level

growth factor

Describe the trend in calorie needs per kg body weight per day during childhood

calorie and protein needs increase during initial years of childhood but decreases as childhood ages

Responsibilities of caregivers/parents

Providing regular meals and snacks

Choosing and preparing foods

Lead by example

Provide the right location to eat

What is another cause of anemia

lead toxicity

Which age group has the most rapid growth relative to their starting size?

Infant

Which age group has the highest kcal/kg needs?

2-8 years old

Effects iron deficiency may have on children

may influence mood and attention span

may impair learning

Sources of iron

lean meat, peanut butter, fortified cereals and grains, apricots

Lead toxicity inhibits iron absorption. rue or False?

True

Sources of lead

paint in older homes

lead pipes

imported eating utensils or toys

What has obesity increased by in the U.S

it has tripled since the 1960s

Obesity causes

physical inactivity

larger portion sizes

food advertising to children

How is obesity measured in children?

BMI for age growth chart

85th to less than 95th percentile

overweight

95th percentile or greater

obese

Less than 5th percentile

underweight

Food allergy

condition in which the body produces antibodies against particular protein in food

Severe allergic reaction

anaphylactic shock

Growth spurt occurs for girls when?

10-11 years of age

Growth spurt for boys occurs around?

12-13 years of age

What does the timing of growth spurt depend on?

it is dependent on adolescent attaining a certain weight. In the U.S around ~66lb when body fat is ~10%

Puberty

period of sexual maturation that occurs until sexual reproduction is possible

During puberty boys gain more_____?

lean tissue than fat

List social and psychological aspects of aging and the impact each
can have on nutrition

Living alone- lack of motivation to cook

Depression- overeating or undereating

Anxiety- reduction in digestive secretions

List physical and physiological aspects of aging and the impact each
can have on nutrition

Economic constraints

arthritis

diminished taste and smell

slowing of gastric motility

decreased secretion of digestive enzymes

Alzheimer’s

a condition described by abnormal deterioration of the brain

Nutrients associated with reducing risk of Alzheimer’s

antioxidant foods like berries

omega-3 fatty acids

What happens to the iron needs of postmenopausal women

they decrease

Polypharmacy

the use of multiple drugs typically at high risk in the elderly