N261 Exam 3 Review

the triceps brachii and rectus femoris are good examples of

extensors

semintendinosus is assisted extension of the thigh (hip=thigh) by the synergistic muscle:

biceps femoris

which of the following muscles rotates the femur laterally?

quadratus femoris and obturator internus

which of the following muscles does not belong to the group know as "hamstrings"?

semimembranosus, biceps brachii, semitendinosus, biceps femoris

biceps brachii

muscles in the sural region include:

the plantaris, soleus, and gastrocnemius

a muscle that acts as a flexor of the knee and originates on the iliac spine is the:

sartorius

when contraction occurs:

the Z line move closer together, the A band remains constant, the I band begins to disappear, and the H band gets smaller

the muscle group most lateral to the vertebral column is the:

iliocostalis

the most superficial layer of the abdominal muscles is the:

external oblique

actions of the biceps brachii muscles include:

flexion of the shoulder and elbow

the powerful flexors of the thigh are the:

iliopsoas

the connective tissue surrounding a muscle fascicle is called:

perimysium

the primary flexors of the wrist include which of the following muscles?

supinator and brachioradialis; flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus; brachialis and palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and palmaris longus

all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron constitute a:

motor unit

muscles in all of the following groups originate on the lower limb expect:

muscles that move the foot and toes; muscles that move the leg; muscles that move the thigh

muscles that move the thigh

the function of the tensor fascia lata is to:

steady the trunk on the thigh by making the iliotibial tract taut

which of the following muscles cannot compress the abdomen?

internal oblique; external oblique; iliocostalis; pectineus

iliocostalis and pectineus

the action(s) of the rhomboideus major muscle include:

adduct and rotate the scapula downward

the sacroplasmic reticulum stores:

calcium ions

the muscle that can both flex and adduct the arm is the:

pectoralis major

which muscle(s), found on the dorsum of the foot, is/are found in the third layer?

dorsal interossei, abductor hallucis, quadratus plantae, flexor digitorum brevis, adductor hallucis

abductor hallucis

which muscle(s) act to plantar flex the foot?

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

which hypothenar muscle(s) originates on the pisiform bone?

flexor digiti minimi brevis, abductor digiti minimi, lumbricals, oppens digiti minimi, abductor pollicis brevis

abductor digiti minimi

the coronoid process of the ulna and the elbow joint capsule comprise the site of insertion for which muscle?

brachialis

which of the following is not a funciton of the teres minor muscle?

rotates humerus laterally, helps hold the humerus in the glenoid cavity, is a synergist of the pectoralis major muscle, adduction at the shoulder, stabilizies the shoulder joint

is a synergist of the pectoralis major muscle

which muscles act to elevate the hyoid bone and steady it during swallowing and speech?

digastric

which of the following is not a characteristic of the medial pterygoid muscle?

protracts mandible, closes jaw, promotes side-to-side (grinding) movements, functions during mastification

none of the above, they are all characteristics of the pterygoid muscle

which of the following is/are true regarding white (type IIx) fibers?

they depend on anaerobic pathways to make ATP, the contract rapidly, they fatigue quickly, they contain little myoglobin; this they are pale

all of the above are true

active sites on actin become available for binding when

calcium binds to troponin

the function of a neuromuscular junction is to

facilitate chemical communication between a neuron and a muscle fiber

The direct energy supply for skeletal muscle production is

ATP

another name for a muscle that is a prime mover is

agonist

each of the following changes in skeletal muscles is a consequence of aging except

muscle fibers become smaller in diameter, muscles become less elastic, muscle fibers increase glycogen reserves, the number of myosatellite cells decreases

muscle fibers increase gylcogen reserves

interaction between actin and myosin filaments of the sacromere are responsible for

muscle contraction

the theory that explains muscle contraction is formally known as the

sliding filament theory

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end of a skeletal muscle that attaches the muscle to bone is called a(n)

tendon

which of the following muscles does not compress the abdomen?

diaphragm, internal intercostal, external oblique, rectus abdominis

interal intercostal

the muscle that arises from the pubis is the

rectus abdominis

the iliac crest is the origin of the

quadratus lumborum

which of the following describes the action of the digastric muscle?

elevates larynx, elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible, depresses the larynx, elevates the mandible

elevates the larynx and depresses the mandible

which of the following muscles inserts on the rib cartilages?

diaphragm, external intercostals, transversus thoracis, scalene

transversus thoracis

some of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by

the hypoglossal nerve

which of the following is not true of the muscles of the pelvic floor?

they extend between the sacrum and the pelvic girdle, they form the perineal region, they "fine-tune" the movements of the thigh relative to the pelvis, they encircle the openings in the pelvic outlet

they "fine-tune" the movements of the thigh relative to the pelvis

the scalenes originate on the

transverse and costal processes of cervical vertebrae

During abdominal surgery, the surgeon makes a cut through the muscle directly to the right of the linea alba. The muscle that is being cut is the __________.

rectus abdominis

Ryan hears a loud noise and quickly raises his eyes to look upward in the direction of the sound. To accomplish this action, he must use his ____ muscles.

superior rectus

which of the following muscles plays no role in swallowing?

superior constictor, pterygoids, palatopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus

pterygoids

which features are common to the muscles of mastication?

they move the mandible at the temporomandibular joint

The powerful extensors of the knee are the

quadriceps

which of the following is not a muscle of the rotator cuff?

supraspinatus, subclavius, subscapularis, teres minor

subclavius

which of the following does not originate on the humerus?

anconeus, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, lateral head

biceps brachii

which of the following muscle is a flexor of the elbow?

biceps brachii, bracialis, brachioradialis, all the above

all of the above

the muscle that causes opposition of the thumb is the

opponens pollicis

Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with the ability to

adduct the humerus

the tibialis anterior is a dorsiflexor of the foot. which of the following muscle is an antagonist to that action?

flexor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, flexor hallucis longus, all the above

all the above

If you bruised your gluteus maximus, you would expect to experience discomfort when

extending the hip