APES Withgott and Laposata Chapter 12: Forestry, Forest Management, and Protected Areas

renewable resource

a resource that can be replenished if used sustainably

non-renewable resource

a resource available only in finite, exhaustible quantity

resource management

the practice of sustainably harvesting potentially renewable resources

maximum sustainable yield

a form of resource management that aims to maximize resource outputs while not depleting the resource

ecosystem based management

a form of resource management that attempts to minimize impact on ecosystems

adaptive management

a form of resource management that involves testing different approaches and improving over time

forestry

the science of managing forests to meet human goals and needs while retaining sustainability

canopy

the uppermost layer of a tree or forest

subcanopy

the shaded layer of a tree or forest below the canopy

understory

the layer of a tree or forest below the subcanopy

epiphyte

a plant that grows non-parasitically on another plant

second-growth

trees grown to partial maturity after old-growth timber has been cut

old-growth

trees that have grown to maturity without significant disturbance

clear-cutting

the forestry practice of cutting down all trees in an area

shelterwood approach

the forestry practice of leaving a few mature trees standing to shelter young trees as they grow

seed tree approach

the forestry practice of leaving a few mature trees standing to speed the growth of young trees

selection system

the forestry practice of selecting specifically which trees to cut, to retain diversity and facilitate uneven-aged harvests

multiple use policy

the policy by the US Forest Service that allows public forests to be used for timber production and mineral extraction

Smokey the Bear syndrome

the misguided belief that all forest fires are inherently detrimental to ecosystem health

controlled burn

an intentionally started and carefully controlled burning of selected forest areas to reduce fire hazards

salvage logging

the removal of dead trees, or snags, following a natural disturbance

sustainable forestry certification

an affirmation that a company's forestry practices are sustainable in the long term FSC is one in the US

Healthy Forests Restoration Act

a 2003 law that encouraged salvage logging and some prescribed burning

National Forest Management Act

a 1976 law that mandated that plans for resource managements be drawn up for proposed national forests

Wetland Reserve Program

a U.S. government program that offers subsidies to landowners who refrain from developing wetland areas

Bureau of Land Management

a division of the U.S. Department of the Interior that owns over 100 million acres of land in the Western United States

national park

a region of publicly held land protected from resource extraction and development but open to nature appreciation and recreation

national wildlife refuge

a region of publicly held land that aims to preserve potentially endangered habitats and populations

wilderness area

a region of publicly held land off-limit to development of any kind

wise-use movement

a movement that emphasizes private land property rights and encourages motorized recreation on public lands

land trust

a local or regional organization that preserves land valued by its members

paper park

a region of publicly held land that is in theory protected from development, but in reality is not protected

biosphere reserve

a region of land with exceptional biodiversity

SLOSS dilemma

a debate over whether it is better to have a single large or several small regions in preservation

corridors

a region of protected land allowing animals to travel among other regions of protected land

REDD

Reducing emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation- program in which wealthy nations pay poorer nations to protect their forests.

edge effect

different environmental conditions that occur along the boundaries of an ecosystem