interrogation final

name of the video we watched

the torture question

- produced by michael kirk

Abu Ghraib

U.S.-run prison in Iraq infamous for abuse committed against Iraqi war detainees

"after 9/11, the gloves come off"

Cofer Black

Camp X-Ray

Prison in Guantanamo Bay where the U.S. held unlawful enemy combatants from the Taliban and al-Qaeda,

Bybee Memo

advised the CIA, DoD, and the President on the use of torment and coercion

janis karpinski

first female general to take command in a combat zone

the hardsite

"prison within the prison"

- between cell blocks 1A and 1B

what was the "name" of the detainee kept at the hardsite

Detainee 07

who wrote the bybee memo

John Yoo: Drafted the memos.

Jay S. Bybee: Signed the memos.

"Can't become your _________ in the name of defeating your ___________"

Can't become your enemy in the name of defeating your enemy"

interrogation models

1. REID

2. action based

3. SCAN

4. confrontational

interrogation modes

1. soft

2. hard

interrogation types

1. instrumental (enhanced)

2. expressive (torture)

REID (interrogation models)

most widely used model

- questions and a checklist to norm the individual

- relies heavily on their fear of punishment / sanctions

action based (interrogation models)

look at what the individual does and focus on it

- if they had motivation to do it, you can get them to talk about it if you play it right

SCAN (interrogation models)

scientific content analysis

- attempt to use investigative content analysis as the sole form of interrogation

confrontational (interrogation models)

get aggressive and intentionally agitate the individual

- works well with hostile individuals

few good men quote

"you want the truth? you can't handle the truth"

soft (interrogation modes)

traditional question and answers without unusual stress / pressure

- can use traps and incentives

interrogation

pressure exerted above the standard level or means

hard (interrogation modes)

employment of a measurable amount of psychological, physical, situational, or emotional pressure above the normal questioning process

least reliable pressure in hard interrogations

physical pressure

instrumental - enhanced (interrogation types)

trying to use pressure to get the truth or information

- pressure is a means to an end to get a specific piece of info.

expressive - torture (interrogation types)

maximizing pain for emotional reasons or motivation to get information

FISA courts

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act

- authorizes surveillance and when people want to go outside the kubark manual

torture warrants

allows certain means as interrogation methods, but you have to go through FISA courts

what has to be justified to a FISA judge for a torture warrant

1. the situation warrants this

2. the individual actually has information

CIA blacksite

secret location thats off the grid

SCAN steps

1. present subject w/ writing tool (pen) and paper

2. direct them to write down what happened in their own words

3. ask to review it and add any missing information (only drawing lines through, not blacking things out)

4. conduct an analysis of what as initially written, and any changes made

5. make a final determinization and employ a secondary schema

weaknesses of SCAN method

1. really delusional people

2. people good at making up elaborate lies

3. individual was taught how to do it

4. a creative writer

5 ways to get protected information

1. outsmart them

2. trap them

3. trick them

4. flip them

5. wear them down - outlast

outsmart them (5 ways to get protected information)

trying to get ahead of the individual, and beat them to where they're going

- know just as much as they know

menace II society quote

"you know you done f*cked up"

trap them (5 ways to get protected information)

try to get the individual to paint themselves into a corner with their own words

ex: menace II society

trick them (5 ways to get protected information)

faking evidence, making up evidence, flat out lying

- easier on diminished capacity, or younger

flip them (5 ways to get protected information)

get them to change sides

- give them an out and make someone else the villain

most criminals are _______ by nature

transactional

the supreme court allows investigators to ________ during interrogations

lie

- "an innocent person, when presented with false evidence, would not bend and admit to a crime they did not commit"

wear them down (5 ways to get protected information)

outlasting the individual

ex: sleep

monstering

keeping an individual awake for 8-12 hours and drinking monsters to stay up

what was the video barnes used in interrogations

Boobah!

- people cant create lies and think straight

misconduct and negligence types

1. reckless direction

2. negligent direction

3. negligent supervision

4. negligent retention

5. situational hypothesis

6. plausible deniability

reckless direction (misconduct and negligence types)

giving someone, or someone is given bad / problematic orders

ex "get the info no matter what"

negligent direction (misconduct and negligence types)

not giving someone clear, detailed, or sufficient orders

negligent supervision (misconduct and negligence types)

no oversight and no one is watching what they're doing

- not accountable to anybody

anchor in supervision

individual who is dispassionate to the situation

- not emotionally tied into it

negligent retention (misconduct and negligence types)

keeping people who you should've fired, let go of, or had transferred

- should not keep them since they've shown indication they're not up to the task

situational hypothesis (misconduct and negligence types)

acting naturally, or fitting into a role of how they think they should act

plausible deniability (misconduct and negligence types)

looking the other way, and going out of your way to LEGALLY say you don't know, even though you know

5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation

1. deprivation

2. discomfort / pain

3. fear - psychological

4. shame - emotional

5. sexual issues

- degree

-distance

deprivation (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

keeping something from the individual

- food, sleep, water, ability to focus

discomfort / pain (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

stress positions, uncomfortable chairs, physically problematic things

fear - psychological (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

something the individual is afraid of having power over them

ex: dogs, or threatened to be sent back

dune quote

fear is the mind killer

shame - emotional (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

how people may view them, violated code, disappointment, afterlife and such

sexual issues (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

sexualized methods

ex: being around opposite sex, stripping

degree (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

how serious it is

distance (5 forms of hard (enhanced) interrogation)

how long you're doing it for

5 types of deprivation

1. sensory

2. sleep

3. food

4. water

5. isolation

7 types of discomfort / pain

1. blunt trauma

2. stabbing / piercing

3. positional

4. cutting

5. burns

6. electric shock

7. drowning

5 types of fear

1. phobia

2. threat of removal / amputation

3. threat of disfiguration

4. threat of damnation / condemnation

5. threat of injury to loved ones

5 types of shame

1. guilt

2. pride

3. hang ups

4. innocence, ignorance, embarrassment

5. beliefs & customs

5 sexual areas

1. violation

2. general or violent contact

3. gender roles

4. hang ups

5. beliefs and customs

action based 5+2 questions you ask yourself

1. who are they? / what are they? / what have they done?

2. will they talk?

3. why will they, or why won't they talk?

4. how do we get to the truth?

5. how do we know when it's done?

- focus on the core motivation

- don't be misled by the hierarchy rule

who are they / what are they / what have they done (5+2 questions you ask yourself)

are they who we think they are

- look for behavioral consistency

- you are interrogating the persona of what they engaged in

- what is the basic criminal need they're trying to satisfy

will they talk? (5+2 questions you ask yourself)

not always yes or no (but more often yes)

- are they revealing / sharing important information

- some talk from the start to get it off their chest

why will they or why won't they talk (5+2 questions you ask yourself)

you have to determine where they are in their process & make them believe it's in their best interest to talk so they want to talk

why will incentives = what are they getting out of it

won't they incentives = what are the barriers

- still in the long process w/ ongoing elements = likely clam up

- over / complete task = likely talk

how do we get to the truth? (5+2 questions you ask yourself)

use themes and strategies to get em to talk

- may be holding out info or give up something different

spy game movie

2001 action thriller film starring Robert Redford and Brad Pitt.

how do we know when it's done? (5+2 questions you ask yourself)

need to know what we're trying to get the information for & know once we've gotten the information and they have nothing else to offer

hierarchy rule

if an individual commits multiple criminal acts, they only focus on the most serious act

in interrogation, you need to get to the _______ of what the offender is doing

you need to get to the heart

5 basic types of criminals - generic

1. hustler

2. thug

3. thief

4. gangster

5. idealist

hustler (5 basic types of criminals - generic)

individual who is parasitic in their function and preys on / lives off others

- manipulates, cons, interacts w/ people

- they're prone to take deals if it makes sense or benefits them, but be ready to be hustled

examples of hustlers

scams

con games

pimps

prostitutes

drug dealers

thug (5 basic types of criminals - generic)

uses violence as part of the commission of the crime

- scaring them with threats may not work if they're used to fighting

- threats may work on wanna be thugs

gangster (5 basic types of criminals - generic)

individual who is good at navigating the criminal underworld

- they know how the game is played and sees it as business over emotional

thief (5 basic types of criminals - generic)

wants to take things that belong to someone else

- most see themselves as artists and take pride in their work

- not using confrontation as a main aspect in the crime

noble thief

not taking from those who are older or poor, only those who deserve it

idealist (5 basic types of criminals - generic)

a cause or belief system is driving them

- let emotions out in their crimes

- cause lives and dies w/ them or a group

5 general modes of offenders

how good of a criminal are they?

1. master class

2. professional

3. full time

4. part time

5. juvenile

based on the act / crime

master class (5 general modes of offenders)

they have anticipated every angle, drawn they focus off of themselves, and usually have a built in "out"

- the crime may not point in their direction

- may have created an alibi

alibi

someone / something that shows where you were / what you were doing at the time of the crime

criminal ingenuity fallacy

just because they got away w/ it does not make them a master criminal

professional (5 general modes of offenders)

know what they're doing & have lots of experience + they're disciplined

- carried out the act in a manner to make it harder to apprehend them

full time (5 general modes of offenders)

individual that is a serious career criminal and this is how they make their living

- consistent pattern or engaging in lower level crime w/o drawing attention to themselves

part time (5 general modes of offenders)

may have another job, and just do crimes on the side

- sloppy to a certain degree and more opportunistic / learned

juvenile (5 general modes of offenders)

young people, beginners, newer criminals

- seeing / taking things of value to themselves

ex: taking a playstation over a $10,000 watch

5 characteristics that criminals share

1. self centered

2. impulsive / opportunistic

3. immediate gratification

4. realist - pragmatic

5. fate

1st rule of zombies

always go out w/ someone slower than you

self centered (5 characteristics that criminals share)

thinking about themselves first or only

- will even throw family members under the bus

- focused on what benefits them (can use this to your advantage)

impulsive / opportunistic (5 characteristics that criminals share)

living in the moment and making decisions w/o thinking them through

- they may leave things behind

- can set bait and trap them

immediate gratification (5 characteristics that criminals share)

satisfaction in the present and no delayed gratification

- give them deals to benefit them in the short term / what sounds good as opposed to long term

realist - pragmatic (5 characteristics that criminals share)

able to judge the situation and come to terms w/ whats going on + make the best of the situation

fate (5 characteristics that criminals share)

frees the individual from living in the moment

- "if ill be dead anyway, why not ______"

- "if god made me like _______ why not do _______"

forced realism

certain noises / things strike people to the core

- they come to their realistic senses in the moment

crazy joe

arizona sheriff who made prisoners break up rocks outside

shawshank redemption quote

Get busy livin' or get busy dyin'

world war z max brooks quote

fear is the most valuable commodity in the universe

jody arias murder

Travis Alexander was found dead in Mesa, Arizona home in June 2008, having been stabbed multiple times and shot

- she claimed it was intruders / ninjas