Kin 434: Cardiovascular Anatomy

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

Cardiovascular Disease

What other diseases, syndromes, or health conditions are included in CVD?

• Acute Coronary Syndrome

• Heart failure

• Peripheral Artery Disease

• Hypertension

• Stroke

• Several other disorders

Epicardium

Coronary blood travels through this layer

Myocardium

Thick muscular layer that provides contractile function

Endocardium

Inner layer that lines valves and arteries

Pericardial Sac

Two layers with fluid in the space that reduces friction when heart beats

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Right and Left Atria(Top)

Right and Left ventricles (Bottom)

Right and Left Atria

Receive blood returning to the heart

Right and Left Ventricles

Two interior chambers that pump blood through arteries to the body

The right ventricle has blood pumped to the ____ to be _____

Lungs; oxygenated

The left ventricle has blood pumped to the ______ to complete ______

Body; Systemic circulation

What valves are located on the right side of the heart?

Tricuspid and Pulmonary Valves

Tricuspid Valve

Controls blood flow between right atrium and ventricles

Pulmonary valve

Located between ventricle and pulmonary trunk

What valves are located on the left side of the heart?

Mitral (Bicuspid) and Aortic valve

Mitral/Bicuspid Valve

Controls blood flow between left atrium and ventricle

Aortic Valve

Located between ventricle and aorta

Circulatory System

The way in which coronary arteries supply the heart with blood

What is the flow of the Cardiac Conduction System/ Electrical System?

1) SA node initiates signal and the signal phases through atria, stimulating contraction

2) Atrioventricular node delayed signal

3) The bundle of His ferries the signal through fibrous skeleton to inter ventricular septum

4) The right and left branches convey signal to apex

5) The Purjunke Fibers carry the signal up through ventricles, stimulating contraction from the bottom upward and depolarization occurs.

What is known as the natural pacemaker?

The Sinoatrial Node

Which node allows the heart to fill with blood?

Atrioventricular Node

What is the function of Pulmonic circulatory Route?

It removes carbon dioxide from blood and re-oxygenates the blood.

What is the function of the Systemic Circulatory Route?

Supplies oxygenated blood and nutrients to the brain and body while also collecting carbon dioxide and other waste products.

Pulmonic Circulation

Received deoxynated blood from the body and pumps blood out to the lungs. It flows from: 🧍🏾➡🫀➡🫁

Why does the Left Ventricle have a thick wall compared to the Right Ventricle?

The left ventricle has to do more work by pumping blood to the whole body while the right ventricle has less as it only pumps to the lungs.

Systemic Circulation

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps blood out to the body. It flow from: 🫁➡🫀➡🧍🏾

Systole

The phase in which the atria & ventricles contract and blood is pumped out of the heart

Diastole

The phase in which the atria & ventricles relax and fill back up with blood that comes from the right and left atria of the heart

How blood travels through the heart

Deoxygenated blood enters from the superior/inferior vena cava and enters the right atrium (chamber) going though the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle (chamber) gaining through the pulmonary valve to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries. Oxygen end blood returns from lungs to heart via the pulmonary veins entering the left atrium (chamber), going through the mitral/bicuspid valve to get to the left ventricle (chamber) by going through the aortic valve. To leave the heart and go to the body via the inferior/superior vena cava.