chapter 10 Mendel's Laws

These flashcards cover key concepts related to Mendel's Laws of inheritance, including terminology and definitions related to genetic inheritance.

P generation

The original parents in Mendel's experiments.

F1 generation

The first generation of offspring from a cross of the P generation.

F2 generation

The second generation of offspring, produced by crossing the F1 generation.

Law of Segregation

Mendel's first law, stating that each individual has two factors for each trait which segregate during gamete formation.

Alleles

Alternative forms of a gene that determine specific traits.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an individual, represented by the alleles it possesses.

Phenotype

The physical appearance or observable characteristics of an individual.

Homozygous

An individual with two identical alleles for a specific trait.

Heterozygous

An individual with two different alleles for a specific trait.

Two-Trait Inheritance

Involves tracking the inheritance of two traits simultaneously.

Punnett square

A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing all possible combinations of alleles.

Independent Assortment

Mendel's second law stating that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation.

Cystic Fibrosis

An autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the chloride ion channel.

Sickle-Cell Disease

An autosomal recessive disorder resulting from a change in the globin gene.

Multiple-Allele Traits

Traits controlled by three or more alleles, such as ABO blood groups.

Polygenic Inheritance

Trait governed by two or more sets of alleles, resulting in continuous variation.

Environmental Influences

Factors that can affect phenotypic expression, such as UV radiation affecting melanin production.