Unit 4 AP Gov Review ai gen

A comprehensive set of 50 flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 4 AP Government, including ideology, public policy, economic theories, and polling methods.

Individualism

Advocating independence and self-reliance; the role of government should not be constant aid.

Equality of Opportunity

The principle that all individuals have an equal chance to succeed, regardless of their background.

Free Enterprise

An economic system where businesses and individuals operate with minimal government intervention.

Rule of Law

The principle that all individuals and institutions are accountable to the law.

Political Socialization

The lifelong process by which individuals acquire their political attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors.

Agents of Socialization

Factors that influence political socialization: family, school, peers, media, and religion.

Generational Effects

Political beliefs that are shaped by major historical events shared among people born in the same time period.

Life-Cycle Effects

Changes in an individual’s political views and priorities as they age and experience different life stages.

Public Opinion

The collective beliefs, attitudes, and sentiments held by a significant portion of the population.

Opinion Poll

Surveys measuring general public opinion on politicians, candidates, issues, or policies.

Benchmark Poll

Initial detailed polling conducted about a candidate at the start of their campaign.

Tracking Poll

Daily surveys of the same group over time to identify shifts in public opinion or candidate support.

Exit Poll

Interviews with voters immediately after they leave polling stations to predict results and identify demographic trends.

Random Sampling

A method where each member of the population has an equal and independent chance of being selected.

Large Sample Size

The practice of using a sample size of around 1,000 - 1,500 to reduce the margin of error in polls.

Margin of Error

A measure of the accuracy of a poll, often expressed as a percentage (+/-).

Liberal Ideology

Belief that government should promote equality and social welfare.

Conservative Ideology

Belief that government should protect liberty and limit its intervention.

Libertarian Ideology

Belief in minimal state role; maximizing individual and economic freedom.

Moderate Position

Political stance that balances change with tradition.

Command Economy

An economic system where the government makes all economic decisions.

Free Market Economy

An economy where individuals and businesses make economic decisions based on supply and demand.

Mixed Economy

An economic system that combines private enterprise with government oversight.

Keynesian Economics

Economic theory that suggests government intervention is necessary when markets do not self-correct.

Supply-Side Economics

Economic theory advocating for tax cuts and deregulation to encourage production and economic growth.

Fiscal Policy

Government policy related to taxation and spending decisions.

Monetary Policy

Government policy involving the control of the money supply and interest rates.

Federal Reserve

The independent government agency responsible for managing U.S. monetary policy.

Government Bonds

Debt securities issued by the government to finance its expenditures.

Setting Reserve Requirements

Regulation determining the minimum reserves each bank must hold against deposits.

Interest Rates

The cost of borrowing money, typically expressed as a percentage of the amount borrowed.

Conservatives- fiscal or monetary

Individuals who often favor monetary policy over fiscal policy due to the desire for less government spending.

Libertarians

Individuals who advocate for minimal government intervention in both personal and economic matters.

Social Security

A government program that provides financial support to retirees and disabled individuals.

Inequality

The unequal distribution of wealth and resources among individuals in an economy.

Public Goods

Services or commodities provided by the government for the benefit of its citizens.

Social Welfare

Programs designed to provide assistance and support to individuals in economic need.

Economic Choice

The freedom of individuals and businesses to make decisions about how to allocate resources.