Biological Factors and Crime

These flashcards cover key concepts related to biological factors that influence criminal behavior, including genetic influences, brain structures, and the impact of drug use.

Biological Factors

Factors related to biology, such as genetics and brain structure, that may influence behavior, including criminality.

Nature vs. Nurture

A debate regarding whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) has a greater impact on an individual's behavior.

Frontal Lobe

Part of the brain responsible for executive functions such as self-regulation, problem-solving, and abstract thinking.

Amygdala

Brain structure responsible for emotional reactions, learned fear responses, and emotional memories.

Adoption Studies

Research comparing biological and adoptive parents to understand the influence of genetics versus environment on behavior.

Twin Studies

Research that examines concordance rates for behavior traits between identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins.

Neurotoxins

Toxic elements in the environment that can adversely affect the nervous system, such as lead and mercury.

Fetal Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

A range of disabilities in offspring resulting from maternal alcohol exposure during pregnancy.

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI)

Injuries to the head that can result from blunt or penetrating objects or rapid head movement, affecting emotional regulation and behavior.

Rotter’s Expectancy Theory

Theory stating that individuals are more likely to engage in a behavior if they expect a positive reinforcement or outcome.

Social Learning Theory

Theory suggesting that behavior is learned through observing models and the outcomes of their actions.

Violent Media

Media containing violent content that has been shown to increase aggression and desensitization to violence in individuals.

Psychopharmacological model

A model suggesting that drug use can lead to violent behavior through alterations in mood and behavior.

Psychoactive Drugs

Substances that affect mood, perception, and behavior, classified into stimulants, depressants, and hallucinogens.

Opioids

A class of drugs, including heroin and prescription pain relievers, that can lead to physical dependence and have various effects on behavior.

CBD

Cannabidiol, an active ingredient in marijuana that may impact the body's ability to fight infection and disease.

Rehabilitation Programs

Programs aimed at treating individuals with substance abuse issues rather than punitive measures, often resulting in lower recidivism rates.