HESI A&P PRACTICE TEST 1

which is an anterior muscle?

A. gluteus maximus
B. quadriceps femoris
C. biceps femoris
D. adductor Magnus

B quadriceps femoris

How might the headrest on a car prevent traumatic injury?

a. by limiting hyper flexion of the neck
b. by limiting hyperextension of the neck
c. by reducing vertebral compression
d. by preventing disc degeneration

b. by limiting hyperextension of the neck

which might you expect to see in a whiplash injury?

a. Cardiopulmonary problems
b. side-to-side spinal curvature
c. eventual herniation of discs
d. traumatic injury to ligaments

d. traumatic injury to ligaments

muscle contractions that normally move food along the human digestive system are known as ______.

a. defecation
b. osmosis
c. peristalsis
d. circulation

c. peristalsis

which type of nutrient does not provide the body with energy?

a. vitamin
b. carbohydrate
c. fat
d. protein

a. vitamin

where would you be likely to find a Schwann cell?

a. in the digestive tract
b. in the nervous system
c. in the skeletal muscle
d. in the muscular system

b. in the nervous system

how does the nervous system work with the muscular system?

a. the muscles of the body produce chemicals that feed the nerves.
b. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.
c. the nervous system releases chemicals that remove excess waste from the muscles.
d. the muscular system provides input that allows the nerves to make decisions.

b. the nervous system tells the muscles how to respond to the environment.

which part of the nervous system includes the femoral, radial, and ulnar nerves?

a. somatic
b. autonomic
c. sympathetic
d. Parasympathetic m

a. somatic

where might a herniated lumbar disc most likely to create pain?

a. along the radial nerve
b. within the spinal cord
c. along the sciatic nerve
d. along the tibial nerve

c. along the sciatic nerve

what is the name of the bone in the human thigh?

a. ulna
b. femur
c. radius
d. humerus

b. femur

the ovaries are part of the _____.

a. skeletal system
b. nervous system
c. lymphatic system
d. reproductive system

d. reproductive system

of the following processes, which one is a different level of defense from the others?

a. a low pH in the stomach
b. cilia present in the trachea
c. body cells recognizing a pathogen
d. mucus present in the nasal cavity

c. body cells recognizing a pathogen

which organ system is primarily responsible for regulating muscle growth?

a. the skeletal system
b. the endocrine system
c. the nervous system
d. the reproductive system

b. the endocrine system

which parts of the heart are separated by the mitral valve?

a. left atrium and right atrium
b. right atrium and right ventricle
c. left ventricle and right right ventricle
d. left atrium and left ventricle

d. left atrium and left ventricle

how might vitamin D deficiency present?

a. as bleeding gums
b. as swollen extremities
c. as red patches
d. as crooked bones

d. as crooked bones

how does the lymphatic system work with the circulatory system?

a. the circulatory system produces red blood cells for the lymphatic system.
b. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.
c. the heart regulates the production of lymph in the lymph glands.
d. white cells from the lymphatic system eliminate excess red blood cells.

b. lymph draws excess fluid from the cells and deposits it into the blood vessels.

what is the function of parathyroid hormone?

a. increasing energy levels
b. stimulating cell reproduction
c. speeding up metabolism
d. activating vitamin D

d. activating vitamin D

which feature of the ear is most medial?

a. pinna
b. tympanic membrane
c. cochlea
d. outer canal

c. cochlea

which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person's pulse and blood pressure?

a. 55 beats per minutes and 75 over 60 mm Hg
b. 72 beats per minutes and 120 over 80 mm Hg
c. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mmHg
d. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg

b. 72 beats per minutes and 120 over 80 mm Hg

how does a sagittal section divide the body?

a. into right and left regions
b. into upper and lower regions
c. into front an back regions
d. between the dorsal and ventral cavities

a. into right and left regions

how is pepsin used by the body?

a. to break down proteins
b. to break down starches
c. to emulsify fats and oils
d. to absorb water and nutrients

a. to break down proteins

the esophagus is part of the ______.

a. endocrine system
b. digestive system
c. respiratory system
d. nervous system

b. digestive system

which mineral supports the function of the thyroid?

a. manganese
b. iodine
c. phosphorus
d. zinc

b. iodine

the cheekbones are _____ to the nose?

a. anterior
b. proximal
c. deep
d. lateral

d. lateral

which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies?

a. the endocrine system
b. the digestive system
c. the lymphatic system
d. the nervous system

c. the lymphatic system

the lateral side of the right knee would be _____.

a. the kneecap
b. closest to the left knee
c. farthest from the left kneecap
d. on the underside of the knee

c. farthest from the left kneecap

in which part of the lungs do nearly all the gaseous exchanges between air and blood take place?

a. pleura
b. trachea
c. bronchioles
d. alveoli

d. alveoli

How do the intercostal muscles between the ribs assist with respiration?

a. by protecting the delicate bronchioles and alveoli
b. by signaling a decrease in intraalveolar pressure
c. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax
d. by maintaining a medial separation between pleurae

c. by enlarging and reducing the space in the thorax

in which organ do muscles push food into the stomach via peristalsis?

a. mouth
b. small intestine
c. epiglottis
d. esophagus

d. esophagus

for the average person, what is true about caloric intake?

a. it should increase with age after age 25
b. it should decline with age after age 25
c. it should remain constant over a lifetime.
d. it should decline and then increase with age

b. it should decline with age after age 25

the corpus callous facilitates communication between ________.

a. the left and right brain
b. the skeletal and neural systems
c. the brain and spinal cord
d. the thalamus and hypothalamus

a. the left and right brain

How does the integumentary system work with the nervous system?

a. The integumentary system removes heat for the neurons and the nervous system
b. the nervous system circulates nutrients outward to the integumentary system
c. Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system
d. Messages from the nervous system affect the color and texture of the skin

c. Touch input via the integumentary system sends messages to the nervous system

when the pulmonary valve and aortic valves are open, where can blood flow?

a. between the two ventricles of the heart
b. from atrium to ventricle within the heart
c. between the heart and the rest of the body
d. between the atria in the heart

c. between the heart and the rest of the body

which might be a result of stenosis, or narrowing of a heart valve?

a. abdominal pain
b. blood clots
c. edema (swelling) in organs
d. irregular heartbeat

d. irregular heartbeat

the human skull contains about how many bones?

a. about 5
b. about 30
c. about 60
d. about 210

b. about 30

The arteries are part of the ________system?

a. nervous
b. endocrine
c. lymphatic
d. cardiovascular

d. cardiovascular

which is a secondary defense for the body against pathogens?

a. tears
b. urine
c. inflammation
d. mucus

c. inflammation

which organ system is primarily responsible for storing minerals?

a. the skeletal system
b. the endocrine system
c. the lymphatic system
d. the cardiovascular system

a. the skeletal system

the vena cavae drain blood from the body into the _____.

a. right atrium
b. right ventricle
c. left atrium
d. left ventricle

a. right atrium

beriberi is a disease caused by the lack of ______.

a. thiamine
b. vitamin C
c. niacin
d. protein

a. thiamine

how does the endocrine system work with the reproductive system?

a. the reproductive system transforms minerals into useful nutrients.
b. the endocrine system determines the sex of the embryo.
c. the reproductive system controls the growth of secondary sex organs.
d. the endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function

d. the endocrine system produces chemicals that regulate sexual function

which hormone controls sleep, mood, and appetite?

a. serotonin
b. oxytocin
c. cortisol
d. aldosterone

a. serotonin

Which part of the brain is most posterior?

a. frontal lobe
b. parietal lobe
c. temporal lobe
d. occipital lobe

d. occipital lobe

which of the following is an HDL cholesterol level that might warrant regular testing?

a. 70
b. 60
c. 50
d. 40

d. 40

How does the transverse plane divide the body?

a. into right and left regions
b. into upper and lower regions
c. into front and back regions
d. between the dorsal and ventral cavities

b. into upper and lower regions

what is the function of amylase?

a. breaking down starch
b. digesting fat
c. breaking down protein
d. absorbing water

a. breaking down starch

The spleen is part of the ______.

a. nervous system
b. integumentary system
c. lymphatic system
d. urinary system

c. lymphatic system

which mineral is important for the formation of red blood cells?

a. selenium
b. calcium
c. magnesium
d. copper

d. copper

the dorsal body cavity is ______ to the ventral body cavity?

a. medial
b. deep
c. posterior
d. anterior

c. posterior

which organ system is primarily responsible for preventing water loss?

a. the nervous system
b. the integumentary system
c. the lymphatic system
d. the urinary system

b. the integumentary system

a person who has torn their vests lateralis muscle will have trouble performing which activity?

a. combing their hair
b. feeding themselves
c. walking
d. chewing

c. walking

due to a sports injury, a young student stunted the growth of her long bones. the damage was most likely due to an injury of her ______ plate.

a. diaphysis
b. epiphyseal plate
c. Haversian canal
d. fibrocartilage

b. epiphyseal plate

the process by which blood circulates oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues is an example of which of the following?

a. external respiration
b. internal respiration
c. inhalation
d. exhalation

b. internal respiration

what is the name of the tube connecting the bladder to the kidneys?

a. urethra
b. collecting duct
c. ureter
d. loop of henle

c. ureter

Where is interstitial fluid found in the body?

a. around the brain and spinal cord
b. in the tissues around cells
c. inside of cells
d. inside the stomach

b. in the tissues around cells

which of the following describes the primary function of the pyloric sphincter?

a. to regulate the movement of digested food materials from the stomach to the duodenum
b. to neutralize stomach acid
c. to prevent food materials and stomach acid from leaking into other bodily tissues
d. to begin the process of chemical digestion

a. to regulate the movement of digested food materials from the stomach to the duodenum

all sensory information from the peripheral nervous system travel to the CNS along ______ neural pathways.

a. spinothalamic
b. afferent
c. efferent
d. descending

b. afferent

white blood cells develop from stem cells located in which of the following organs?

a. thymus
b. lymph node
c. bone marrow
d. spleen

c. bone marrow

which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine?

a. absorbing digested material into the blood
b. nutrient processing and metabolizing
c. absorbing water and compacting metals into solid waste
d. bile production and storage

c. absorbing water and compacting metals into solid waste

which of the following is not a function of progesterone in the female reproductive system?

a. expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts
b. stimulation of milk production
c. regulation and preparation of the endometrial lining of the uterus for potential pregnancy
d. inhibitor of contractions of the uterus as the ovum is released

a. expression of secondary sexual characteristics, such as breasts

in the eye, light rays are refracted onto:

a. the cornea
b. the retina
c. the lens
d. the blind spot

b. the retina

In men, spermatozoa develop within the _______ of each testis.

a. seminiferous tubules
b. vas deferens
c. ejaculatory duct
d. bulbourethral glands

a. seminiferous tubules

hematopoiesis in children takes place within ________.

a. yellow bone marrow
b. diaphysis
c. epiphyseal plate
d. red bone marrow

d. red bone marrow

cerebrospinal fluid is located beneath which protective layer of the brain?

a. pia mater
b. arachnoid mater
c. dura mater
d. epimysium

b. arachnoid mater

the heart has an intrinsic beat that is initiated by which of the following?

a. semilunar valve
b. bicuspid valve
c. tricuspid valve
d. sinoatrial node

d. sinoatrial node

What mineral is responsible for muscle contractions?

a. chloride
b. sodium
c. calcium
d. magnesium

c. calcium

What are the glands of skin that produce a thin, watery secretion?

a. sebaceous glands
b. eccrine glands
c. apocrine glands
d. endocrine glands

b. eccrine glands

the corpus callosum facilitates communication between ________.

a. the left and right hemispheres of the brain
b. the skeletal and neural systems
c. the brain and spinal cord
d. the thalamus and hypothalamus

a. the left and right hemispheres of the brain

cell membrane of muscle cell is known as the ________.

a. plasma membrane
b. sarcolemma
c. sarcomere
d. sarcoplasmic reticulum

b. sarcolemma

which type of cell division takes place in the gonads?

a. mitosis
b. meiosis
c. binary fission
d. asexual division

b. meiosis

what fluid fills the posterior, or inner, cavity of the eye?

a. aqueous humor
b. vitreous fluid
c. lacrimal fluid
d. synovial fluid

b. vitreous fluid

the myelin sheath is a protective layer around the axons formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS. What is the function of the myelin sheath?

a. regulation of substances that reach the CNS from the blood
b. increasing the speed of action potential conduction
c. clearing cellular debris and dead neurons from nervous tissue
d. formation of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

b. increasing the speed of action potential conduction

the first step in the bone fracture repairs:

a. fibrocartilage callus is replaced by bony callus
b. formation of hematoma
c. the break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
d. the bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch

b. formation of hematoma

What type of joint is the elbow?

a. gliding joint
b. ball-and-socket joint
c. saddle joint
d. hinge joint

d. hinge joint

what is the name of the heart valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?

a. tricuspid valve
b. mitral valve
c. semilunar valve
d. aortic valve

b. mitral valve

which hormone initiates the preparation of the endometrium of the uterus for pregnancy?

a. estrogen
b. leutinizing hormone
c. follicle stimulating hormone
d. progesterone

a. estrogen

When acetylcholine binds to receptors at the motor end plate, a whole chain of events, known as the excitation-contraction coupling, is triggered. what is the first event in this chain?

a. Depolarization of the muscle
b. release of calcium ions
c. the myosin head binds to the active sites on the actin strand
d. sodium channels are opened

d. sodium channels are opened

which of the following correctly describes muscle organization beginning with the outermost layer and preceding inward?

a. muscle, muscle fibers, muscle fascicles, myofibrils, myofilaments
b. muscle, muscle fascicles, muscle fibers, myofilaments, myofibrils
c. muscle, muscle fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments
d. muscle, myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, muscle fascicles

c. muscle, muscle fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments

which lobe of the brain is associated with hearing, organizing sensory information, language, speech production, and memory information?

a. temporal
b. occipital
c. frontal
d. parietal

a. temporal

which of the following is not part of the electrical conduction system of the heart?

a. chordae tendineae
b. purkinje fibers
c. AV node
d. bundle of HIS

a. chordae tendineae

what is the most superficial layer of the skin?

a. dermis
b. epidermis
c. hypodermis
d. reticular layer

b. epidermis

what is the function of keratinocytes?

a. protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation and sunburn
b. detect and fight pathogens that attempt to enter the body through the skin
c. forming a tough, scaly and water-resistant barrier
d. connect to nerve endings in the dermis to sense light touch

c. forming a tough, scaly and water-resistant barrier

the reticular layer of the dermis:

a. comprises loose connective tissue
b. comprises dense connective tissue
c. forms the outer layer of the dermis
d. lies superficial to the epidermis

b. comprises dense connective tissue

skin color is determined by which pigment?

a. melanin
b. carotene
c. hemoglobin
d. all of the above

a. melanin

the sebaceous glands in the skin produce:

a. milk
b. cerumen
c. sweat
d. oil

d. oil

which cells produce the pigment that contributes to hair color?

a. keratinocytes
b. melanocytes
c. Langerhans cells
d. Merkel cells

b. melanocytes

which of the following structures is not an accessory component of the skin?

a. nail
b. Subcutaneous tissue
c. hair
d. mammary glands

d. mammary glands

which tissue region do nails originate from?

a. eponychium
b. lanula
c. nail matrix
d. cuticle

c. nail matrix

the skin fibers are arranged in bundles known as:

a. zone of hyperaemia
b. lines of cleavage
c. epidermal ridges
d. stratum lucidum

b. lines of cleavage

the waterproof coating found in epidermal cells is called:

a. myelin
b. keratin
c. melanin
d. albumin

b. keratin

which cells are found in the skin and assist in boosting immune function?

a. melanocytes
b. reticular fibers
c. eccrine glands
d. Langerhans cells

d. Langerhans cells

Skin aids in maintaining the calcium and phosphate levels of the body by participating in the production of which of the following?

a. sebum
b. keratin
c. vitamin D
d. vitamin A

c. vitamin D

In what area of the body would you expect to find an especially thick stratum corneum?

a. back of the hand
b. heel of the foot
c. abdomen
d. over the shin

b. heel of the foot

How do the sweat glands help regulation body temperature?

a. by forming goosebumps and lifting the hair shafts away from the skin
b. by vasodilation blood vessels
c. by evaporating, which absorbs heat and cools the body's surface
d. by vasoconstriction blood vessels

c. by evaporating, which absorbs heat and cools the body's surface

what happens to the keratinocytes as they move through the stratum granulosum?

a. they become more cubital in shape
b. they go through the process of apoptosis
c. they absorb more water
d. they absorb more sebum

b. they go through the process of apoptosis

besides sweating, how does the body try to cool itself?

a. secreting sebum
b. contracting the arrestor pili muscles
c. Vasoconstricting the blood vessels
d. vasodilating the blood vessels

d. vasodilating the blood vessels

what is necessary for the production of vitamin D in the body?

a. water, UV light, and 7-dehydrocholesterol
b. UV light, 7- dehydrocholesterol, and calcium
c. water, UV light, and functioning kidneys
d. UV light, 7- dehydrocholesterol, and functioning kidneys

d. UV light, 7- dehydrocholesterol, and functioning kidneys

which type of exocrine gland becomes active at puberty and contributes to body odor?

a. sebaceous
b. ceruminous
c. apocrine
d. eccrine

c. apocrine

which cells aid nerve cells in detecting shapes and textures of objects contacting the skin?

a. merkel cells
b. Langerhans cells
c. keritinocytes
d. melanocytes

a. merkel cells

sweet removes certain organic compounds from the body.

a. true
b. false

a. true