intro to crit MARXISM Terms

culture

In Marxist theory, a system shaped by economic structures and ideology.

socioeconomic class

In Marxism, a group defined by its relation to production (owners vs. workers).

material circumstances

In Marxism, the physical and economic conditions shaping life.

historical situation

In Marxist theory, the specific economic context influencing society.

historical materialism

In Marxism, the idea that history is driven by material/economic forces.

bourgeoisie

In Marxism, the ruling class that owns production.

proletariat

In Marxist theory, the working class that sells labor.

ideology

In Marxism, beliefs that justify and maintain power structures.

Capitalism

In Marxist theory, an economic system based on private ownership and profit.

American dream

In Marxist critique, an ideology masking class inequality through the idea that prosperity is achievable through hard work and determination.

Competition

In Marxism, a capitalist principle that pits the benefits for an individual and capital against each other.

Rugged individualism

In Marxist critique, the belief that success is purely individual effort, and those who do not achieve success did not try hard enough.

Consumerism

In Marxism, the focus on consumption driven by capitalism.

Commodification

In Marxist theory, the process by which goods, services, ideas, or even people are transformed into commodities that can be bought, sold, and traded in a market.

false consciousness

In Marxism, when workers accept beliefs that harm their interests.

Classism

Marxist theory of a system of oppression that discriminates against individuals based on their socioeconomic status, perpetuating inequalities and enforcing the belief that certain classes are superior to others.

Patriotism

In Marxist critique, the emotional connection and loyalty an individual feels toward their nation often used to maintain ruling-class power.

religion

In Marxism, an ideology that can pacify the oppressed (“opium of the people”).

use value

In Marx, the practical function of an object

exchange value

In Marxism, the market value of an object.

sign-exchange value

In post-Marxist theory, value based on symbolic meaning/status.