SPX COLLECTION (CCLAB)

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This is the process of applying centrifugal force to separate solid materials from a liquid mixture

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1

This is the process of applying centrifugal force to separate solid materials from a liquid mixture

Centrifugation

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2

What should you add to prevent glycolysis?

2 mg NaF/mL of blood

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3

This additive prevents glycolysis for up to how many hours?

48-72 hours

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4

Analytes that are unstable after 30 minutes

Potassium, phosphorus, glucose

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5

Analytes that are unstable after 6 hours

Albumin, bicarbonate, Chloride, C-peptide, HDL, iron, LDL, total protein

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6

In electrolyte shift, what analyte is falsely increased?

Potassium

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7

In electrolyte shift, what analyte is falsely decreased?

Sodium

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8

What are increased when you exercise?

Lactate, fatty acids, ammonia, creatinine, kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, prolactin, growth hormone

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9

What are decreased when you exercise?

FSH, LH, Estrogen, Testosterone

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10

Vigorous hand exercise (fist clenching) may increase what?

Potassium, lactate, and phosphate

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11

How many hour is the required fasting?

8-12 hours

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12

What are the analytes requiring fasting specimen

FBS, OGTT, LIPIDS, LIPOPROTEINS, GASTRIN, INSULIN

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13

This is the collection of blood sample in the morning before rising, __ hours after ingestion of food

Basal State Collection; 12

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14

Overfasting for 48 hours may result in?

Increased serum bilirubin

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15

Overfasting for 72 hours in male may result in?

Increased triglycerides

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16

Overfasting for 72 hours in female may result in?

Decreased glucose to 45mg/dL

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17

High protein diet may result in?

Increased urea and uric acid

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18

Alkins diet (low carb high protein diet) may result in?

Increased urea and urine ketones

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19

High caffeine intake may result in? It is due to _______

Increased glucose; Catecholamine

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20

Preferred position during phlebotomy

Upright/supine

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21

It is recommended that a px should be seated/supine for how many minutes before blood extraction

15-20 minutes

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22

There is a required minutes after a changed position before blood collection to prevent what?

Hemodilution/hemoconcentration

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23

Supine to sitting may result in?

Increased Albumin, enzymes, calcium

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24

Sitting to supine may result in?

Increased Proteins, lipids, BUN, iron, calcium

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25

Standing to supine may result in?

Decreased lipids and lipoproteins

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26

What is decreased in tobacco smoking

Vitamin B12

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27

What is increased in tobacco smoking?

Ammonia, glucose, GH, lipids, urea, lactate, insulin, catecholamines, cortisol

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28

What is decreased in alcohol ingestion?

Glucose

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29

What is increased in alcohol ingestion?

Gamma glutanyl transferase, urate, lactate, triglycerides

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30

What is increased when stressed?

Catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, Prolactin, Albumin, glucose, cholesterol, lactate

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31

More than 1 minute of tourniquet application may cause?

Hemoconcentration and anaerobiosis

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32

What is increased in tourniquet application?

Potassium, protein, enzymes, lactate, cholesterol, ammonia

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33

A test where a tourniquet should not be applied and fist should not be clenched during phlebotomy

Lactate determination

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34

Prolonged tourniquet exercise + fist exercise may cause

Increased potassium by 1 mmol/L

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35

In hemolysis, what is decreased? It is due to _____

Creatinine and glucose; dilution effect

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36

Hepatotoxic drugs may result in?

Increased liver function enzymes

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37

Diuretics may result in?

Decreased sodium and potassium

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38

This is the most analyzed non blood specimen

Urine

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39

Ultrafiltrate of plasma

Urine

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40

This type of urine specimen collection is used for routine and qualitative urinalysis

Random

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41

This type of urine spx collection is first voided urine after waking up from 8 hours of sleep

First Morning/8-hour urine

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42

1st morning/8-hour urine is an ideal specimen for?

Routine urinalysis and pregnancy test

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43

Among of the urine specimens which is the most concentrated

First morning/8-hour urine

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44

2nd voided urine after fasting (for glucose determination)

Fasting/Second Morning

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45

This is a random urine specimen collected in a special urine container

Urine for drug testing

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46

Collected urine/pooling of multiple urine at a specific time period

Timed specimen

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47

This timed specimen requires fasting and is optional for glucose tolerance test in blood

Glucose Tolerance Urine

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48

How long is the fasting for glucose tolerance urine?

30 minutes and 1 hour

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49

The 2-hour post prandial urine is done ____ hours after?

2 hours after meal

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50

This timed specimen is for diabetes screening/monitoring

2-hour post prandial urine

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51

Collection and pooling of all urine voided within 24 hours

24-hours urine

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52

Series of urine samples collected at specific time intervals for comparison

Fractional specimen (double-voided)

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53

Px voids or urinates into a clean contained (no specific timing)

Regular voided

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54

First and last drop of uninterrupted urination are discarded while _____ is collected

Midstream

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55

Cleaning of genital prior to midstream collection

Midstream Clean-catch

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56

Patient voids random urine inside a restroom with no water source located inside the testing area

Drug testing

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57

Urine collection from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder

Catheterized

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58

Collection through aspiration by inserting needle directly into the bladder

Suprapubic Aspiration

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59

Catheterized is used for?

Bacterial culture

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60

Suprapubic aspiration is used for?

Anaerobic bacterial culture and cell cytology

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61

A soft, clear plastic bag with adhesive that are attached to the genitalia is used in?

Pediatrics

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62

Weebags are checked every _______ until required volume is collected

15 minutes

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63

CSF is the ___ major body fluid

3rd

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64

Clear and colorless fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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65

Method of collection of CSF

Lumbar puncture/spinal tap between 3rd, 4th, or 5th vertebra

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66

CSF is collected in ______ sterile tube

3 to 4

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67

If only one tube is filled for CSF, in what order should the tests be?

Microbiology, Cell count, chemistry/serology

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68

Diagnosis value for CSF

Diagnosis of meningitis, brain abscess, CNS cancer, multiple sclerosis

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69

Tests of CSF collected (from 1st to 4th tube)

Chemistry, serology, microbiology, Cell count, microbiology, immunology

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70

This is least affected by bacteria or blood introduced as a result of collection

Chemistry, serology

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71

Least likely to be contaminated with bacteria introduced in spinal tap

Microbiology

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72

Least likely to contain cells introduced in the spinal tap

Cell count

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73

For better exclude skin contamination

Microbiology, immunology

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74

The storage of CSF in chemistry, serology test should be?

Frozen

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75

The storage of CSF in microbiology test should be?

Room temperature

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76

The storage of CSF in cell count test should be?

Refrigerated

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77

Ultrafiltrate of plasma found in between serous cavities

Serous fluids

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78

Lubricates the membranes of serous cavities to prevent friction as a result of movement of enclosed organs (heart, lungs, peritoneum)

Serous fluids

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79

WHat are the specimens used in serous fluids

Pleural, pericardial, peritoneal fluid

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80

Pleural fluid is collected through?

Thoracentesis

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81

Pericardial fluid is collected through

Pericardiocentesis

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82

Peritoneal fluid is collected through?

Paracentesis

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83

SEROUS FLUID. collection tube when performing cell counts and smears

EDTA

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84

SEROUS FLUID. collection tube when performing chemistry

Heparin/Sodium fluoride

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85

SEROUS FLUID. collection tube when performing culture and sensitivity

Sterile

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86

SEROUS FLUID. collection tube when performing biochemical tests

Non-additive tube

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87

Serous fluids that are to be tested should be delivered in the laboratory within?

2 hours

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88

If delay is expected in serous fluid, it should be stored in? except for?

Refrigerator (4C); microbial culture

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89

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Decreased in tuberculosis and malignancy

Glucose

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90

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Malignancy

Lactate dehydrogenase

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91

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Pancreatitis, GIT perforation, intestinal necrosis

Amylase

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92

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Intestinal perforation

Alkaline phosphatase

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93

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Increased in bacterial peritonitis, malignancy and tuberculosis

Lactate

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94

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Ruptured bladder

BUN and Creatinine

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95

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Perforated peptic ulcer, ruptured appendix, bower strangulation, ruptured bladder

Ammonia

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96

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Transudates: >1:1 Exudates: <1:1

Serum ascites-albumin gradient

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97

CHEMICAL EXAMINATION. Tumor markers

CEA and CA125

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98

Synovial fluid is also known as the?

Joint fluid

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99

This viscous fluid circulating in diarthroses (movable joints)

Synovial fluid

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100

This is a collection of synovial fluid wherein it is done by aspiration collection through inserting needle in between joints

Arthrocentesis

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