physics work done and energy 2

what is mnemonic for energy stores and transfers?

8KG of CEMENT, 4 MR HE

what are the energy changes when an object is projected upwards

kinetic energy is gradually converted into gravitational potential energy as it rises, reaching maximum potential energy and zero kinetic energy at the highest point, before converting back into kinetic energy as it falls, with total mechanical energy remaining constant if air resistance is ignored

what are the energy changes when a moving object hits an obstacle

its kinetic energy decreases as it is converted into elastic potential energy, and sometimes vibrational energy of the object and obstacle

what are the energy changes when an object accelerates by a constant force

work done by the force is converted into kinetic energy, so the object's kinetic energy increases while the energy source applying the force loses an equivalent amount of energy

what are the energy changes when a vehicle slows down

its kinetic energy decreases and is converted into other forms of energy — mainly heat energy (in the brakes and tires) and sometimes sound energy and vibrational energy

what are the energy changes when bringing water to boil in an electric kettle

electrical energy is converted into heat (thermal) energy by the heating element, and this heat is then transferred to the water, increasing its internal energy until it reaches the boiling point

what happens in a closed system?

no energy can enter or leave. the total energy stays the same

what happens in an open system?

energy may enter or leave the system. the total energy may change