Geography Exam

Map Projection

is how Earth’s features are transferred onto a flat surface.

Mercator Projection

This projection is useful for its navigation as it gives true direction. However, it does distort the image by making countries near the poles appear larger and the ones near the equator appear smaller. 

Equal-Area Projection/Peter Projection

This projection is most preferred by governments and international organizations as it shows the true size of countries in relation to one another. 

Winkle Triple Projection

This projection is a compromise map between shape, size, and direction, giving a realistic representation of the Earth.

Large Scale maps

Shows a small area with a large amount of detail, such as city plans and hiking maps. 

Small scale maps

Shows a large area with a small amount of detail, such as political or physical world maps. 

Political Maps

 This map shows human-made boundaries, highlighting countries, states, counties, and cities, along with capitals and major infrastructure like roads. 

Water Body Maps

These kinds of maps highlight where different bodies of water are, such as lakes, rivers, and oceans. 

Maritime Climate

the climate in coastal areas that are near bodies of water

Continental Climate

the climate in areas that are far any bodies o water so their climate is drier

Convectional precipitation

when the surface is heated by the sun’s rays and the air above is gets warm as well. This warm air rises, expands and cools and precipitation occurs.

Cyclonic precipitation

when a warm front and a cold front meet. It ,may result in a violent storm

LOWERN

L-latitude

O-ocean currents

W-wind

E-elevation

R-relief

N-nearness to water

3 types of Canadian landforms:

1. Canadian Shield

2. Highlands

3. Lowland

Leeched soil profile

found in maritime climate when water enters the soil

Calcified soil profile

found in drier climate conditions, when the top soil evaporates, water is drawn up to replace it. This can be detrimental to the soil profile as the water brings a lot of excessive minerals

Planned obsolescence

when companies build products to break or become useless after a while, so that customers will have to buy a new one

Perceived obsolescence

when companies convince you that your perfectly functional product is outdated so that you would want to buy a new one or the next version.

folding

when rock layers bend and curve due to compression, often creating fold mountains

faulting

the breaking and displacement of rock along a fracture, caused by tension or compression, creating fault-block mountains or rift valleys.