rel 313 - final exam (content from after exam 2: soteriology-eschatology))

regeneration

to be born again of the Spirit through the word of God, new spiritual life, beginning of the process of sanctification

what are the results of regeneration

1. faith in Jesus

2. refrain from continual pattern of sin

3. fruits of the Spirit

conversion

willing response to the gospel call in repentance of sins and trust in Christ leading to saving faith and a changed life

what was pelagius’ view of saving grace

1. grace is a natural human faculty

2. grace informs us of moral duties, does not assist us in performing them

3. moral perfection is possible because our human nature is not corrupt (denial of original sin)

   1. no need for external help

augustine’s view of saving grace

1. healer of human nature; our human nature is sick

2. a liberating force, our free will is inclined to sin until God sets us free

3. God gives us a sovereign joy that sways the will towards him

4. grace is God actively changing our hearts desires so that we can truly desire him above all else and freely choose him

preceding (prevenient) grace

God’s grace active in human lives and prepares the human will for conversion (limited in scope but unlimited in efficacy)

operative grace

God’s grace that effects the conversion of sinners (justifying grace)

cooperative grace

God’s grace which collaborates with the renewed human will (preserving grace)

what were the three types of grace that Augustine identified

1. prevenient

2. operative

3. cooperative

justification

entering into right relationship with God or being made righteous in the sight of God, dealing with the question of what an individual has to do in order to be saved

Roman Catholic view of justification (what are the 4 necessary things)

synergistic, happens at the end of sanctification

1. infusion of grace

2. movement of the free will towards God

3. free will away from sin

4. forgiveness of sins

monergism

salvation is by God alone

synergism

salvation is God with the help of human will choosing him

luther’s three important aspects of justifying faith

1. faith has a personal reference

2. faith is trust in the promises of God; and being able to act and rely upon that belief

3. faith unites the believer to Christ, leading to the presence of Christ in the believer as a result of the Holy Spirit

justification by grace through faith

union with Christ

Christ’s merits become the believers through an intimate bond with Christ, allowing us to share in his life, death, resurrection, justification, and glorification and giving us regeneration and sanctification

what is the cause of our salvation according to luther

union with Christ, not faith

which people were monergists?

Augustine, Luther, Calvin, Edwards

which figures were synergists?

Arminius, Wesley, Aquinas, Roman Catholic

what view of determination is compatible with monergism

self determination, free will is in bondage to sin (free but not free)

what view of determination is compatible with synergism

indetermination, the free will is really free

what view of election is compatible with monergism

particular (unconditional)

what view of election is compatible with synergism

corporate (conditional) election

particular (unconditional) election

emphasis on God’s sovereign freedom in election of individuals, and it is unconditional since it is without regard o anything present in human condition

corporate (conditional) election

election is based on the basis of faith in Christ rather than an unconditional decree, emphasis on God’s election of a class of people who repent and believe in Christ

what is the ordo salutis

the order of events that must occur in order to gain salvation

Roman Catholic Ordo Salutis

sacramental and synergistic: grace is ethical righteousness infused via the sacraments

imputed righteousness

God credits the perfect righteousness of Jesus Christ to a believer's account at salvation, effectively covering their sins so they are seen as righteous in God's eyes, not because of their own deeds, but through faith in Christ's atoning sacrifice

infused righteousness

primarily Catholic, where God pours His own righteousness into a believer's soul, making them inherently holy and transforming them from within

Luther’s ordo salutis

1. saving grace is imputed righteousness

2. justification: we are declared righteous

3. Justification by faith through obedience

4. doctor patient anology: faith in the doctor’s ability to heal is a necessary condition to faith in addition to obeying doctors orders

5. union with Christ causes salvation

6. saving faith, forgiveness and healing is the fruit of union with Christ

7. priority of Gods saving grace over human free will

amyraldianism (four-point calvinism)

rejects the doctrine of limited atonement

God has provided for Christ’s atonement for all alike, but seeing that none would believe on their own he then elected those whom he will bring to faith in Christ

TULIP acronym (five points of Calvinism)

T: total depravity

U: unconditional election (predestination)

L: limited atonement (secured salvation for the elect)

I: irresistible grace (Gods call will not be resisted - effectual calling)

P: perserverance of the saints; salvation cannot be lost

marks of genuine believers

1. indwelling of the spirit

2. faith manifesting itself in works

3. perserverance

visible church

what the people see

invisible church

what God sees, the culmination of all of his people excluding false believers

When did the church begin

with the Pentecost

what are the fou rmarks of the church in the Nicene Creed

1. unity

2. holiness

3. catholicity (universality)

4. apostolicity

holiness of the church

church is sanctified and being made holy by Christ, set apart from the world

universality (catholicity) of the church

doctrinal universality of the church, the faith that is believed everywhere, always, by everyone

apostolicity of the church

biblical canon, teaching of Jesus through the apostles in the nt

protestant marks of the church

1. preaching of the Word of God

2. administration of the sacraments (baptism and the Lord’s supper)

3. Church discipline (outward form of the church)

what are the protestant sacraments

1. baptism

2. the Lord’s Supper

what are the three major forms of church government

1. episcopalian

2. presbyterian

3. congregational

structure of episcopalian churches and examples

preisthood; archbishops, bishops, rectors, parish

ex: anglican, episcopal, roman catholic, eastern orthodoxy, lutheran, methodist, some pentecostal

presbyterisan chruch structure and example

general assembly-presbytery-session-congregation

each local church elects elders to a session which has authority over it

presbytery has authority over several churches

general assembly has authority over all the presbyterian churches in a nation or a region

5 kinds of congregational churches

1. single elder (pastor)

2. plural elders

3. corporate board (church board, pastor, congregation)

4. pure democracy (anabaptists)

5. no government

definition of sacrament

signs of a sacred thing (visible sign of invisible grace)

4 components of a sacrament

1. physical or material element

2. a likeness

3. authorization to signifiy the thing

4. an efficacy

what are the 7 catholic sacraments

baptism, confirmation, eucharist, penance, marriage, ordination, extreme unction

what are the two essential characteristics of a sacrament according to luther

word of God and an outward sacramental sign

4 functions of the sacraments

1. convey grace

2. strengthen faith

3. enhance unity and commitment within the church

4. reassure us of God’s promises towards us

what is the significance of baptism

to be identified with Christ and with the body of Christ

tertullian’s baptism view (four purposes)

1. forgiveness of sins

2. deliverance from death

3. regeneration

4. the gift of the Holy Spirit

roman catholic baptismal regeneration

1. baptism removes original sin and causes regeneration, which is necessary for salvation

2. baptism incorporates a person into the body of Christ

lutheran view of baptism

1. consists of 3 parts: the sign, the thing signified, and faith

2. forgiveness of sins, delivers from death and the devil and gives eternal salvation

3. not efficacious without faith and the word of God

4. faith may be exercised after the baptism in the case of infants (parental faith aids infants)

reformed view of baptism

1. sign of the new covenant replacing circumcision

2. sacrament which incorporates the baptized into the new covenant community

3. confirmation of the forgiveness of sins, unites believers with Christ, and brings all the blessings of Christ to believers

4. faith is required for baptism to be efficacious

anabaptist view of baptism

1. not a sacrament but ordinance

2. an outward symbol of the inward reality of death and resurrection

3. only a believer who confesses faith should be baptized

4. should be conducted only by immersion

which denominations practice baptismal regeneration

roman catholicism, eastern orthodoxy, churches of Christ

which denominations practice infant baptism

lutheran, reformed, presbyterian, methodist, anglican, episcopalian

which denominations practice adult baptism

baptist, wesleyan, evangelical free, bible churches, independent churches

what is the doctrine of transubstantiation

change of essence or nature

roman catholic transubstantiation

1. bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Christ during mass

2. grace is imparted to those present

3. eucharist is participating in the representation of the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross

luther’s consubstantiation view of the Lord’s Supper

1. this is my body is taken literally

2. physical body of Christ is present in with and under the bread of the Lord’s Supper

substance is added to the body of Christ in the bread

zwigli’s memorial view of the Lord’s Supper

1. a memorial, symbolic representation

2. still a sacrament but not a means of grace, making it more of an ordinance

calvin’s spiritual presence view of the Lord’s Supper

1. this is my body is not taken literally, but the practice is more than simply a commemoration

2. Christ is spiritually present

3. the Holy Spirit uses it to increase faith

4. view held by Reformed, Methodist, and Church of England

what are the 4 millenial views

1. historical premillenialism

2. amillenialism

3. post millenialism

4. dispensational premillenialism

what is the milennium in eschatology

the 1000 year reign of Christ outlined in Revelation

common ground of the 4 views of the millenium

1. Christ will return bodily to earth to reign

2. there will be bodily resurrection of all (believers and unbelievers)

3. there will be final judgment for all

4. final state in which God himself will rule will begin

historic premillenialism view major tenets

1. literal 1000 year reign of Christ

2. believers will recieve glorified resurrection bodies at the beginning of the millennium and reign with Christ

3. many unbelievers will turn to Christ and be saved during the millennial kingdom

4. satan will be released at the end for a final rebellion

major tenets of dispensational premillenialism

1. distinguishes between church and Israel and sees the millennial kingdom as a time that God fulfills his promises to Israel

2. sees the 7-year tribulation period as the 70th week of daniel’s 70 weeks in daniel

3. church is raptured at the beginning of the 7 year tribulation period

4. during that period the great ingathering of the Jewish people will take place

major tenets of the amillennialism view

1. revelation 20 is being fulfilled now in the church age

2. binding of satan is what happened during Jesus ministry

3. first resurrection is not a bodily resurrection but a spiritual one

4. present church age will continue until the time of Christ’s return

5. resurrection of believers and unbelievers happen together for final judgment

major tenets of the postmillennialism view

1. progerss of the gospel and growth of the church will slowly increase until it reaches the millennial age

2. the millennial kingdom will happen and Christ will be recognized on a worldly consensus and a long period of peace will be established on earth

3. at the end of the peace period Christ will return and then the general resurrection and final judgment will occur

what is annihilationism

the body and conscious ceases to exist, but it is not correct becase the bible refers to hell as eternal conscious torment

what is hades

the place the wicked go after death to wait for their final destiny, state of being dead until the final judgment

what is death

1. result of sin

2. inescapable reality for all

3. temporal curse for God’s people

4. beginning of true life for believers

what is soul sleep

the belief that when people die their physical body stops functioning and their conscious existence ends while they wait in the grave for the resurrection body