Chapter 2 Textbook

Hypothalamus

stimulates the release of cortisol, elevates blood pressure, and prompts the ANS to prepare the actor or the emergency.

Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)

alerts the actor to potential threats associated with uncertainty and conflict in the environment. Linked with anxiety

High extraversion

social interactions, popularity, sexual behavior, social competence, social goals, intimacy, happiness, positive emotional balance, rewards /incentives, good at speeded tasks, multitasking, sales /marketing /people- oriented jobs, economic goals, less depression /anxiety, fewer personality disorders.

Dopamine

neurotransmitter that concerns reward seeking /wanting and is released as a result of eating food, having sex, and ingesting drugs such as cocaine.

Temperament

differences in the overall quality of a baby's mood, energy level, behavioral tempo, and alertness.

Improvisation

when actors personalize their performance by making it fit their own unique nature and lived experience.

Opioid system

releases neuropeptides when the organism achieves rewards, producing feelings of joy /pleasure [liking]

Amygdala

small almond shaped region implicated in the experience of fear and anxiety.

George W. Bush

highly extravert, was named the "family clown, "rapidly approaches social reward, alcohol abuse, became sober to save his marriage.

Personal front

consists of cues that signify the actor's position in the performance and their status/identity in the group (eg: clothing, age, posture, speech patterns, facial expressions)

Routine

pre-established pattern of action which is unfolded during a performance and can be presented /played through on other occasions.

Anxiety

long-term response to a stimuli that suggests uncertainty and potential risk of danger and is a learned response.

Extraversion

seeking social rewards and enjoying social rewards.

Fear

results of immediate threats to the environment and stimulate dopamine activity

Extraverts

respond with greater intensity of positive emotion when presented scenarios that detail pursuit of rewards.

Extraversion

_______'s primary function is to attract and hold the attention of other social actors.

Hippocampus

seahorse shaped region involved in the formation of memories.

Secure attachment

when the infant sees the caregiver as a safe haven during periods of emotional distress and as a secure base from which to explore the world when emotions feel more positive.

BIS

The ________ is activated in challenging everyday situations that involve interpersonla relationships and social conduct.

18

Human infants begin to recognize themselves in mirrors and through recording devices around _____ months.

not

There is no developmental period in human life when the individual is _______ a social actor.

Fight flight freeze system (FFFS)

when confronted with a threat people can either attack the source of the threat, flee to escape, or freeze. Linked with fear

Social smiles

2 months old babies display these, indicating to social actors present that they are experiencing joy /happiness.

Neurotic cascade

high neurotic people are more reactive to signs of threat/negative emotion, are exposed to more negative events, view objectively neutral/positive events in negative light, precipitate mood spillover (negative feelings in now area of life spills in others), have the sting of familiar problems (a days negative events bring back old psychological issues)

N

High ______ is a strong factor for mental illnesses /psychiatric disorders.

Behavioral Approach System (BAS)

motivates the individual to approach potentially rewarding (social) situations and to experience the positive emotion associated with the pursuit and attainment of rewards.

Attachement relationship

infants develop a relationship of love and security with their primary caregivers.

nature, nurture

The performance of negative emotions across the human lifespan is a product of both ______ and _______.

George W. Bush

had low level of O, powerful life goal to defend his beloved father, and a redemptive life story.

Neuroticism

high levels of fear, worry, anxiety, sadness, frustration, guilt, shame, and hostility (negative emotionality)

N

high ______ predicts bad interpersonal experiences + negative outcomes in life.

George W. Bush

scored 5th in most extraverted president.

N

high ______ is associated with high divorce rates, poor health, increased risk for illnesses (heart disease), and poor quality of life.

Performance of emotion

how the infant expresses and regulates the feelings that well up inside

Human social behavior

series of performances through which actors play roles and enact scripts to manage the impressions of other characters in the social scene

Facial scripts

the 1st type of scripts

Stranger anxiety

fear/wariness in the presence of strangers

Separation anxiety

fear/anger/sadness in response to prolonged separation from primary caregivers

Working model of attachment

infants emotional history of attachment that sets forth expectations about how experiences of love/trust can transpire in the future

Positive emotionality

basic temperament tendency to feel positive affect like joy/excitement/pleasure and to act in a way that suggests a positive emotional engagement with the social world

Negative emotionality

people who experience fearfulness, inhibition, irritability, and frustration

Art of personality development

the expression and refinement of a uniquely personal and recognizable style of emotional performance

Negative emotionality

divided into 2 regions (emotional feafulness/behavioral inhibition and irritability/strong responses to frustration)

Erving Goffman

believed that human social behaviors are a series of performances through which actors play roles and enact scripts in order to manage the impressions of other characters in the social scene

William James

found that the difference between "I" and "me" emerges at 2 years old

vivid

Actors in the play "A Streetcar Named Desire" conveyed human emotion in _______ and convincing fashion

attachment relationship

infants develop a relationship of love and security with their primary caregivers

Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R)

self-report measure that breaks down E into six related sub traits: excitement seeking, activity, assertiveness, gregariousness, positive emotions, and warmth

newborns, babies

Researchers found that ______ express the emotions of general distress, general contentment, interest, and disgust and that between 2-7 months, _______ show signs of joy, surprise, anger, sadness, and fear

cultures

Across ______, people can recognize in infants facial expressions of fear, sadness, joy, interest, anger, and disgust

anger, sadness

When mothers stare at their babies with an expressionless face, they react with ______ or _______

depressed

Babies of _______ mothers eventually stop trying to engage with their mothers

human, objects

At 3 months old, babies’ social smiles are brighter and stronger in response to real ________ beings compared animated _______ such as puppets

18

Human infants begin to recognize themselves in mirrors and through recording devices around _____ months

continuous

3-year-old Jennifer failed to recognize herself in a video of her showed 3 minutes later, failing to realize that the actor continues to be “me” over time. Only at age 3-4 that they consolidate a clear sense of self as a _______ social actor

behavior, novel

4 month-old infants who smile and show positive emotion in response to pleasant pictures/sounds are more likely to show positive approach ________ in response to _______ situations later in life

anger, sociable, reward

Infants who experience more ______ in response to frustration tend to be seen as more outgoing and ________ in grade school because anger plays a major role in _______-seeking

sociality

Some of the same brain processes involved with the experience of positive emotion are also implicated in human ________

intensity, rewards

Extraverts respond with greater _____ of positive emotion when presented scenarios that detail pursuit of ________

E, interpersonal

When asked to imagine how much positive emotion students would feel in response to hypothetical scenarios, high ____ students had higher ratings on positive emotion for pleasant _________ situations, even if it doesn’t involve the pursuit of social rewards

cortisol

Inhibited children show higher levels of morning _____ in the blood which is also true for inhibited monkeys compared with sociable monkeys

N

High _____ is a strong factor for mental illnesses/psychiatric disorders

interpersonal, negative

High N predicts bad _______ experiences + _________ outcomes in life

Neurotic

________ individuals experience more stress, are more reactive to stress, and are bad at coping with stress

negative, emotionality

4-month-old infants who react to novel visual/auditory stimulation with strong _______ responses show high levels of negative ________ and their FFFS are more readily strongly activated in daily life

BIS

People with high N may suffer from an overactive _______

amygdala, hippocampus

Neuroticism is correlated with _______ and ________ activity in response to negative stimuli

positive

The intense and prolonged sadness accompanying depression may result from deficits in ________ emotionality

personality

McAdams calls the personal front the rudiments of __________

not

There is no developmental period in human life when the individual is ______ a social actor

facial

Children with autism and related disorders may find it difficult to express and decode ________ cues in the social arena

awareness

We don’t remember the first 2 years of our lives because early socioemotional development occurs without any conscious _________

attention

Extraversion’s prime function is to attract and hold the _________ of other social actors

George W. Bush

highly extravert, was named the “family clown”, rapidly approaches social reward, alcohol abuse, became sober to save his marriage

5

George W. Bush scored ____th in most extraverted president

positive

Someone who scores low on positive emotionality doesn’t necessarily experience more negative emotions, just less _______ emotions