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5 to 5 AP Government Chapter 8: Political Culture

5 to 5 AP Government Chapter 8: Political Culture

  • political culture translates into a consensus of basic concepts that support democracy. Democracy is not guaranteed; therefore the American people must continue to practice these concepts:
    • majority rule/minority rights - democracy is based upon majority rule but minority rights must be given
    • equality - equality for every individual before the law
    • private property - ownership if any property is protected by the law 
    • individual freedoms - guarantees liberty and protection
    • compromise - allows for different interests to form a public policy that benefits society
    • limited government - powers of the government is restricted by the people and the law 
  • Political Socialization - process where citizens create a sense of political identity
    • allows citizens to become aware of politics, learn political facts, and form political values and opinions
    • many factors and influences shape their political views including: 
      • family and home influences 
      • schools teach patriotism 
      • interest groups and organizations create bonds 
      • occupation, gender, age, race, etc.
      • mass media 
      • opinion leaders - those held in high regards because of their position
      • large events such as the Watergate scandal 
  • Public opinion - collection of shared attitudes of many different people in matters relating to politics; shaped by people’s political culture and political socialization
  • Early polling in the United States involved the use of straw polls, asking the same question of a large number of people.
  • 1930s - George Gallup helped develop the use of a scientific polling process that includes:
    • sampling - those chosen to participate in the poll must be representative of the general population and chosen at random
    • preparing valid questions - directions should be clear and questions should be phrased in an unbiased way
    • controlling how the poll is taken - make sure the respondent has some knowledge of the issues addressed in the poll
    • analyzing and reporting results - reporting the results of polls without providing information about how the poll was conducted or sampling errors
  • Ideology - is a consistent set of beliefs
  • Political ideology - is a set of beliefs about politics and public policy; political ideologies can change over time
    • Radical - Favors rapid change in existing social, economic, or political order; may be willing to resort to extreme means, even violence or revolution to accomplish such change
    • Liberal - Supports active government in promoting individual welfare and supporting civil rights, and accepts peaceful  change
    • Moderate - Political ideology that falls between liberal and conservative and which may include some of both; usually thought of as tolerant of others’
    • Conservative - Promotes a limited governmental role in helping individuals economically,  favors a more active role for government in promoting national security
    • Reactionary - Advocates a return to a previous state of affairs, often a social order or government that existed earlier in history




HN

5 to 5 AP Government Chapter 8: Political Culture

5 to 5 AP Government Chapter 8: Political Culture

  • political culture translates into a consensus of basic concepts that support democracy. Democracy is not guaranteed; therefore the American people must continue to practice these concepts:
    • majority rule/minority rights - democracy is based upon majority rule but minority rights must be given
    • equality - equality for every individual before the law
    • private property - ownership if any property is protected by the law 
    • individual freedoms - guarantees liberty and protection
    • compromise - allows for different interests to form a public policy that benefits society
    • limited government - powers of the government is restricted by the people and the law 
  • Political Socialization - process where citizens create a sense of political identity
    • allows citizens to become aware of politics, learn political facts, and form political values and opinions
    • many factors and influences shape their political views including: 
      • family and home influences 
      • schools teach patriotism 
      • interest groups and organizations create bonds 
      • occupation, gender, age, race, etc.
      • mass media 
      • opinion leaders - those held in high regards because of their position
      • large events such as the Watergate scandal 
  • Public opinion - collection of shared attitudes of many different people in matters relating to politics; shaped by people’s political culture and political socialization
  • Early polling in the United States involved the use of straw polls, asking the same question of a large number of people.
  • 1930s - George Gallup helped develop the use of a scientific polling process that includes:
    • sampling - those chosen to participate in the poll must be representative of the general population and chosen at random
    • preparing valid questions - directions should be clear and questions should be phrased in an unbiased way
    • controlling how the poll is taken - make sure the respondent has some knowledge of the issues addressed in the poll
    • analyzing and reporting results - reporting the results of polls without providing information about how the poll was conducted or sampling errors
  • Ideology - is a consistent set of beliefs
  • Political ideology - is a set of beliefs about politics and public policy; political ideologies can change over time
    • Radical - Favors rapid change in existing social, economic, or political order; may be willing to resort to extreme means, even violence or revolution to accomplish such change
    • Liberal - Supports active government in promoting individual welfare and supporting civil rights, and accepts peaceful  change
    • Moderate - Political ideology that falls between liberal and conservative and which may include some of both; usually thought of as tolerant of others’
    • Conservative - Promotes a limited governmental role in helping individuals economically,  favors a more active role for government in promoting national security
    • Reactionary - Advocates a return to a previous state of affairs, often a social order or government that existed earlier in history




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