Electrolytes and Antioxidants Exam Study Guide

Sodium

Major electrolyte, regulates fluid balance and blood pressure.

Potassium

Essential for muscle function and nerve signaling.

Chloride

Maintains fluid balance and aids digestion as HCl.

Vitamin C

Water-soluble vitamin, antioxidant, supports immune function.

Vitamin E

Fat-soluble antioxidant, protects cell membranes from damage.

Selenium

Trace mineral, important for antioxidant enzyme function.

Electrolytes

Minerals that carry electrical charges in body fluids.

Fluid compartments

Body areas where fluids are distributed, e.g., intracellular.

RAAS system

Regulates blood pressure and fluid balance via hormones.

Free radicals

Unstable molecules that can damage cells and DNA.

Nutrient absorption

Process affected by interactions and health conditions.

Deficiency symptoms

Signs indicating insufficient nutrient intake or absorption.

Toxicity symptoms

Adverse effects from excessive nutrient intake.

Micronutrient classification

Categorizes nutrients as vitamins or minerals.

pH balance

Electrolytes help maintain acid-base equilibrium in body.