Animal Science Lab Midterm

Maternal Traits (Bovine)

Fertility

Calving ease

Milk production

Mothering ability

Longevity

Paternal traits (Bovine)

Fertility

Growth performance

Maternal traits in daughter

Calving ease

Carcass quality (Ribeye area, marbling, carcass weight, muscling)

Maternal Bovine Breeds

Angus

Red Angus

Shorthorn

Hereford

Paternal Bovine Breeds

Gelbvieh

Simmental

Charolais

Limousin

British breeds characteristics

1. Mature and fatten at lighter market weights (1,000 - 1,300 lb)

2. Grow slower and have smaller mature size

3. Less muscular

4. More fertile

5. Less calving difficulty

6. Live and reproduce longer

British Breeds

Angus

Red Angus

Shorthorn

Hereford

MATERNAL

Continental Breeds

Gelbvieh

Charolais

Simmental

Limousin

Brahman and Brahman Cross Breeds

Continental breeds characteristics

1. Larger mature size (1,200 - 1450 lb.)

2. Later-maturing

3. Heavier-muscled; higher yielding carcasses

4. Increased calving problems

5. Less marbling; lower quality grade

Brahman and Brahman cross breeds

American Brahman

Santa Gertrudis

Brangus Beefmaster

Simbrah

Brahman and Brahman cross breeds characteristics

1. Heat tolerant (Have sweat glands; most cattle do not)

2. Parasite tolerance

3. Nervous disposition

4. Pendulous sheath

5. Tough meat- dark cutters due to excitement during slaughter and have more connective tissue in Brahman cattle

6. Not adaptable to cold climates

Crossbreeding is widely used by commercial hog producers with about ______ of the market hogs being crossbreds

90%

Maternal Traits (Porcine)

-Number born

-Number weaned

-Litter weight

Sire Traits (Porcine)

Average daily gain (ADG)

Carcass- LEA (Loin eye area) and backfat (BF)

Maternal Porcine Breeds

Yorkshire

Chester White

Landrace

Paternal Porcine Breeds

Poland China

Berkshire

Spotted

Hampshire

Duroc

Gilts are bred at around ___ ___________ of age.

8 months

Boars are first used around ___ ________ of age.

1 year

1 boar: ___ sows

20

Number of litters/year for sow

2

Piglets per litter

13+

Ideal Temp for piglets

90-95

Ideal temp for sow

60-65

Why do baby pigs need supplemental heat?

1.Nonfunctional body heat mechanism

2.No hair coat

3.Very little body fat

What is processing?

- Clipping needle teeth

- Docking tails

- Iron injection

- Identification- ear notching

Piglets born with __ needle teeth

8

Needle teeth cut around ____ _______ of birth

24 hrs

Tails should be docked around ____ ________ of birth

24 hrs

Iron administered to piglets at _____ days

1-3

Leave ___" between ear notches

1/4"

porcine castration __ _______ after birth

1-7 days

Porcine 1st vaccines given at _____ ______ of age

7-10 days

Porcine weaning age

21 days

What is the approximate weight of pigs when weaned? _12-15___ lb.

12-15 lb

When is the sow rebred? 3-7__ days post-weaning

3-7 days post-weaning

Sheep Quality Grades

Prime, choice, good, utility, and cull

Sheep Yield Grades

1-5

Sheep highest price cuts

Rack

Loin

Leg

Sheep dressing percentage

52

Pork dressing percentage

72

Pork highest price cuts

Belly

Loin

Ham

Pork yeild grade figured on

back fat thickness

4 lean pork cuts

pork loin

pork tenderloin

pork leg (ham)

shoulder

What 4 species harvested at MSU meat lab

pigs

cattle

sheep

goats

Methods of stunning

electrical

bolt gun

As product goes through meat lab, value_________ and weight ______

increases, decreases

Beef four major wholesale cuts

rib

round

tenderloin

chuck

beef highest price cuts

ribs

loin

What does RFID stand for?

Radio Frequency ID

What animals are required to have RFID ear tags?

- Cattle/bison moving interstate

- Beef cattle and bison that are sexually active

- Cattle/bison used in entertainment

- Femal dairy cattle

Scrapie

sheep/goat disease that involves CNS

The USDA requires almost all sheep and lambs to have ________ ID ear tags before leaving their farm of origin.

premise

Premise ear tags carry the owners __________ __________ ________ (PIN) on one side and ________ on the other side

premise identification number, numbers

Producers are required to keep records for ____ ________ after the animals have been sold/died.

5 years

Temporary ID uses

selling, breeding, culling

Beef breeds at MSU

Angus

Hereford

Crossbreeds

Angus Desireable characteristics

Fertile, good milkers, easy calving

Pigmented skin

polled

carcass quality

Angua undesirable characteristics

Temperment concerns

Recessive defects (dwarfism, abnormal limb developement)

Bad hear/humidity tolerance

Hereford desirable characteristics

Docility

Maternal abilities

calving ease

temperment

meat qualituy

Hereford undesirable characteristics

Slower growth

cancer eye

Ease of cattle handling depends on:

facility lay out

prior handling experience

animal size

temperment of animal

Facility designs to aid in handling

Curved chutes

Centralized catch pens

adequate space

safety

Hereford undesirable characteristics

Slower growth