Cells of the Nervous System - A&P

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2 different types of cells the nervous system is made out of

Neurons and neuroglial cells

Neuron

Main structural and functional units of the nervous system

Neuroglial cells

Any number of cells that serve to support neurons

Neurons function

Conduct nerve impulses

How are neurons classified

Structure and function

Structural classes

Multipolar neurons, bipolar neurons, and unipolar neurons

Multipolar neurons

Mainly found in CNS, any processes, 1 axon and many dendrites

Bipolar neurons

Found in special sense organs, has two processes, 1 axon and 1 dendrite

Unipolar neurons

Found all over the body (PNS), has one process, axon and dendrite are roughly split by the cell body

Functional classes

Sensory neurons (afferent neurons), interneurons (associate neurons), and motor neurons (efferent neurons)

Sensory neurons (afferent neurons)

Carry impulses towards CNS

Interneurons neurons (associative neurons)

Found in the brain and spinal cord, connect many neurons together

Motor neurons (efferent neurons)

Carry motor impulse away from CNS

Neuroglial function

Support neurons and their function

Types of neuroglial cells

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal

Astrocytes

Provide support between nerves and blood vessels

Oligodendrocytes

Produce myelin

Microglial cells

Destroy unwanted particles found in the nervous system

Ependymal

Produces membranes around specialized brain parts