Religion, philosophy, and social justice

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29 Terms

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Monotheism
Belief in one God, who is omnipotent, omniscient, and omnibenevolent.
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Trinity
The concept of God as three persons in one essence - the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.
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Creation
The belief that God created the universe, including the world in six days, and rested on the seventh.
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Revelation
God's self-disclosure to humanity through the Bible, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit.
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Salvation
The belief in being saved from sin and its consequences through faith in Jesus Christ.
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Tawhid
The oneness of God (Allah), who is all-powerful, all-knowing, and merciful.
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Prophethood
Belief in prophets as messengers of God, with Muhammad as the final prophet.
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Qur'an
The literal word of God revealed to Muhammad, considered the holy book of Islam.
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Five Pillars of Islam
Fundamental acts of worship and practice, including Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj.
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Kalam Cosmological Argument
Argument stating that everything that begins to exist has a cause, leading to the necessity of a first cause (God)
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Polytheism
Belief in many gods and goddesses.
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Brahman
The ultimate reality or world soul in Hinduism.
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Reincarnation
The cycle of birth, death, and rebirth (samsara), influenced by karma.
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Moksha
Liberation from the cycle of samsara, the ultimate goal of human life.
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Dharma
The duty and moral law that individuals must follow according to their position in life.
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Covenant
The special relationship between God and the Jewish people, established through figures like Abraham and Moses.
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Torah
The central reference of Jewish law and teachings, given by God.
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Shabbat
The weekly day of rest and worship observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening.
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Mitzvot
Commandments given in the Torah that Jews are obligated to observe.
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Kashrut
Jewish dietary laws that determine what is permissible to eat.
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Eightfold Path
The practical guide to ethical and mental development to end suffering.
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Five Precepts
Ethical guidelines for Buddhists, including refraining from harming living beings, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying, and intoxication.
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Meditation
Central practice for developing mindfulness, concentration, and insight.
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Nirvana
The ultimate goal of Buddhism, representing liberation from the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
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Waheguru
The name for God in Sikhism, meaning "Wonderful Teacher."
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Guru Granth Sahib
The central religious scripture of Sikhism, considered the eternal Guru.
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Five Ks
Symbols of faith worn by Khalsa Sikhs, including Kesh (uncut hair), Kanga (wooden comb), Kara (steel bracelet), Kachera (cotton undergarments), and Kirpan (ceremonial sword).
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Seva
The practice of selfless service, an essential aspect of Sikh life.
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Langar
The communal meal served in Gurdwaras, open to all regardless of background, symbolizing equality and community.