CHAPTER 26 Pt. 2 - Female Reproductive System KEY CONCEPTS

Tunica albuginea

Capsule around ovary

Medulla

Fibrous connective tissue with blood vessels

Cortex

Contains ovarian follicles

Follicles

Contain egg and supporting follicular (granular) cells

Oogenesis

Formation of female gametes (eggs)

Folliculogenesis

Development of ovarian follicles

Primary oocyte

Diploid cell that completes meiosis I

Secondary oocyte

Haploid cell ovulated and can complete meiosis II if fertilized

Polar body

Haploid cell produced during oogenesis

Graafian follicle

Mature follicle from which secondary oocyte is ovulated

Corpus luteum

Collapsed follicle after ovulation

Corpus albicans

Scar formed if no pregnancy occurs

Uterine tubes

Ciliated tubes connecting ovary to uterus

Fimbriae

Finger-like projections that sweep oocyte into uterine tube

Ampulla

Middle segment of uterine tube

Isthmus

Narrow segment of uterine tube near uterus

Uterus

Muscular chamber for nourishment, protection, and delivery of fetus

Cervix

Lower narrow part of uterus connecting to vagina

Perimetrium

External serosa layer of uterine wall

Myometrium

Smooth muscle layer of uterine wall

Endometrium

Functional and basal layers of uterine lining

Vagina

Distensible canal for sexual intercourse and childbirth

Fornices

Superior extensions of vagina around cervix

Vaginal rugae

Friction ridges allowing distension of vagina

Hymen

Membrane across vaginal opening

Vulva

External genitalia

Mons pubis

Anterior mound of vulva

Labia majora

Thick folds between thighs

Labia minora

Hairless, thin, medial folds

Vestibule

Area enclosed by labia minora

Clitoris

Erectile organ for sexual stimulation

Vestibular bulbs

Erectile tissues deep to labia majora

Greater vestibular glands

Glands providing lubrication to vestibule and vagina

Lesser vestibular glands

Glands providing lubrication to vestibule and vagina

Breasts

Contain mammary glands for milk production

Areola

Pigmented area surrounding nipple

Suspensory ligaments

Attach breast dermis to pectoralis major muscle fascia

Adipose tissue

Fat tissue in the breast

Mammary glands

Modified sweat glands that produce milk

Lactiferous duct

Drains each lobe of mammary gland

Lactiferous sinus

Collects milk before exiting through nipple

Puberty

Onset of reproductive maturity

Thelarche

Breast development during puberty

Pubarche

Hair and sebaceous gland development during puberty

Menarche

Onset of menstruation during puberty

Male climacteric

Declining reproductive function in males

Andropause

Decline in testosterone level, sperm count, and libido in males

Female climacteric

Declining ovarian function and menopause in females

Menopause

Cessation of menstruation in females

Prostate cancer

Cancer affecting the prostate gland

Testicular cancer

Most common tumor in young men

Breast cancer

Cancer occurring in breast tissue

Cervical/anal cancer

Slow-growing neoplasia caused by papilloma virus

Sexually transmitted diseases

Infections transmitted through sexual contact

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Hepatitis C

Viral infection affecting the liver

Herpes simplex 1 and 2

Viral infections causing oral and genital herpes

Genital warts

Warts caused by human papillomavirus (HPV)

Gonorrhea

Bacterial infection causing genital and reproductive tract inflammation

Chlamydia

Bacterial infection causing genital and reproductive tract inflammation

Syphilis

Sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum