entomology exam 3

Order Thysanoptera

Thrips

Haustellate, asymmetrical mouthparts, wings with fringe of hair

Thrips

Order Hemiptera

true bugs, hoppers, aphids

Suborder Heteroptera

true bugs

have hemelytra, large triangular scutellum, mouthparts maneurverable

true bugs

true bugs habitats

terrestrial and aquatic

herbivorous species often considered pests, cause cat-facing, large triangular shape

stink bugs

predatory, rostrum thickened and short, head typically constricted behind eyes

assassin bugs

sheltered habitats, black/brown stripes around abdomen, vectors of Chaga's disease

kissing bugs

dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, obligate hematophagous, major pests

bed bugs

Suborder Auchenorrhyncha

hoppers and cicadas

rostrum arises from head, all plant feeding, many with saltatorial hind legs

hoppers and cicadas

Suborder Sternorrhyncha

aphids, scales, whiteflies, mealybugs

rostrum arises nearly between front legs, bizarre morphology and ecology, most soft bodied, all plant feeding

aphids, scales, whiteflies, mealybugs

found only on cacti, waxy cushion like mass, used for red dye

cochineal scale

winged or wingless, cornices on abdomen, excrete high amounts of honeydew

aphids

86% of all insect species

Holometabola

Order megaloptera

dobsonflies, alderflies, fishflies

medium to very large insects, large wings with prominent veins, long antennae, adults always near water

dobsonflies, alderflies, fishflies

Order neuroptera

lacewings, antlions, mantidflies

wings net-like, elongate bodies, prominent eyes, most adults predatory

lacewings, antlions, mantidflies

clubbed antennae

antlions

Order Raphidioptera

snakeflies

small, moderately shiny, very long ovipositor, elongate prothorax, large flattened head

snakeflies

Order Mecoptera

scorpionflies

horse like distinct elongated face, found in damp wooded areas

scorpionflies

Order Trichoptera

Caddisflies

body and wings with long and dense setae, chewing or vestigial mouthparts, nocturnal

caddisflies

Order Siphonaptera

fleas

small, wingless ectoparasites on mammals and some birds, piercing/sucking mouthparts in adults, many backward projecting spines

fleas

vectors of bubonic plague, maurine typhus

fleas

4 largest insect orders

Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera

make up about 75% of all insects, and 50% of all living species on Earth

Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera

Order Coleoptera

beetles

largest insect order, front wings modified into elytra

beetles

Order Diptera

flies

forewings membranous, hindwings reduced to halteres, large compound eyes

flies

Order Lepidoptera

butterflies and moths

body and wings covered in overlapping scales, siphoning proboscis, well developed eyes and antennae

butterflies and moths

usually nocturnal, drab, antennae feathered, hold wings outstretched

moths

diurnal, usually bright colored, antennae clubbed, hold wings upright

butterflies

Order Hymenoptera

bees, wasps, ants, sawflies

Suborder Apocrita

Bees, wasps, ants

first abdominal segment fused to the thorax, second abdominal segment constricted, envenomed ovipositor

bees, wasps, ants

Suborder Symphyta

sawflies

thorax, broadly joined with abdomen, ovipositor serrated, adults consume pollen and nectar

sawflies

two body segments, prosoma, pair of chelicera, pair of pedipalps

Class Arachnida

Order Scorpiones

scorpions

pedipalps pincer like, poor eyesight, ovovivparity, opisthosoma with 12 segments

scorpoins

Order Araneae

spiders

prosoma and opisthosoma joined by narrow pedicel, chelicerae with venom glands, abdominal spinnerets produce silk

spiders

Order Opiliones

harvestmen

daddy long legs, long and slender legs, appear one segmented, do not produce silk, no venom glands

harvestmen

Order Acari

mites and ticks

small to minute, appear one segmented, may lack 4th pair of legs, habitat, distribution and behavior variable

mites and ticks

soft bodied, predators, herbivores, detritivores, pests, and beneficial

mites

hard bodied, feed on blood, vectors of Lymes disease

ticks

2 pair antennae, mandibulate mouthparts, usually with biramous appendages

Class Malaxorstraca

Order Isopoda

Isopods

dorsoventrally flattened, covered in a carapace, 5-7 pairs of legs, some can roll into a ball

isopods

thorax and abdomen not differentiated, number outs body segments, one pair antennae, anamorphosis common

Subphylum Myriapoda

Class Diplopoda

millipedes

segmented and wormlike, 2 pairs of legs per segment

millipedes

1 pair of legs per segment, flattened body, fast moving predators

centipedes