BMS 550L Histology Lab: Cytology I Overview

Eukaryotic cell

Cell type with a defined nucleus and organelles.

Cell membrane

Outer boundary of the cell, regulates entry/exit.

Cell membrane

Ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis, found free or on RER.

Ribosomes

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Studded with ribosomes, synthesizes proteins.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Lipid synthesis and detoxification, no ribosomes.

Smooth ER

Mitochondria

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages proteins for secretion.

Golgi Apparatus

Microtubules

Cytoskeletal elements aiding in cell shape and transport.

Microtubules

Centrioles

Structures involved in cell division and mitosis.

Centrioles

Centrioles

Mitotic spindle

Structure that separates chromosomes during mitosis.

Mitotic spindle

Microfilaments

Thin filaments aiding in cell movement and shape.

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP.

Nucleus

Contains genetic material, control center of the cell.

Nucleus

Nucleus

Nucleolus

Site of ribosomal RNA synthesis within the nucleus.

Nuclear envelope

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus, contains pores.

Nuclear envelope

Heterochromatin

Tightly packed, inactive form of DNA.

Heterochromatin

Euchromatin

Loosely packed, active form of DNA.

Euchromatin

Prophase

First stage of mitosis, chromosomes condense.

Prophase

Metaphase

Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.

Metaphase

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and move to poles.

Anaphase

Telophase

Chromatids reach poles, nuclear envelope re-forms.

Telophase

Telophase

Light microscopy

Technique for viewing cells and tissues at low/high power.

Lumen

Interior space of a tubular structure.

Plasma Membrane

Microtubules