MEDS midterm: Condition - Drug Treatment

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia(What, Effects, Treatment: MoA)

What: Enlargement of prostate that interferes with urinary tract

Treatment: Alpha Blockers —> binds to a1 receptors blocking NE and EPI and causing relaxation of smooth muscle

Anaphylaxis

histamines+other inflammatory drugs cause sudden vasodilation that drops blood pressure and inhibits blood flow back to the heart

Treatment: Epinephrine → acts as nonselective adrenergic blocker that causes vasoconstriction, relaxation of bronchiole smooth muscle

Hypertension

What: high blood pressure that causes buildup, and damage to/in blood vessels

Treatment:

Diuretics → increase water elimination to decrease blood volume and thus blood pressure

Parkinsons(what is it)

What: death of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra(basal ganglia) that leads to an imbalance of DA to ACH and causes bradykinesia(slow movement), tremor

Treatment of Parkinsons with tremor as main symptom

Anticholinergic drugs →

Treatment of Mild-Moderate and Advanced Parkinsons

Dopamine Receptor Agonist, Levodopa,

Advanced Disease → Deep Brain Stimulation

Alzheimers Disease

brain shrinkage and thus loss of neurons and memory and executive function

Epilepsy

neurological disorder exhibiting periodic seizures which are high frequency discharges of APs

caused by an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory activity (glutamate and GABA)

Types of Generalized Seizures

Tonic-Clonic → both muscle contractions and relaxations

Myoclonic → muscle contractions confined to one part of the body

Atonic → sudden loss of muscle tone

Absence → brief impairment of consciousness

Types of Partial Seizures

Simple Partial → limited part of the brain affected, motor or sensory

Complex Partial → impairment of consciousness may involve whole body

Types of Epileptic Drugs

Anticonvulsant → stop active seizures by producing high level of sedation

Antiepileptic → used proactively to reduce or prevent seizures by decreasing the excitability of brain cells

Treatment of Generalized Tonic-Clonic and Partial Seizures

Na2+ Channel Blockers, GABA inducers, Glutamate inhibitors

Preferred treatment for Absence Seizures

Na+ channel blockers, Ca channel blockers, GABA inducer

Status Epilepticus

series of seizures w/o interruption

treatment: immediate treatment for severe CNS, CV and respiratory depression

Pain (What is it, treatment)

What: Stimulation of Nociceptive Pain receptors

Treatment: Opioid Analgesics and Nonopioid Analgesics

MoA of Opioid Agonists

bind to opioid receptors (Mu1/2, delta, kapppa) → inhibit NT release to nociceptor receptors —> reduce nerve excitability + pain perception

MoA of Opioid Antagonists

bind to receptors to prevent agonist binding → reverse Mu effects of opioids

Opioid Analgesics Side Effects

sedation, euphoria, dysphoria, constipation, respiratory depression, urinary retention

Inflammation

prostaglandins(PG) → mediators

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflamamtory Analgesics(NSAID’s)

decrease inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis at the site of injury three A’s of action, Analgesia(pain relief), Antipyresis(fever reduction), Anti Inflammatory

Bipolar Disorder

Points of Mania and points of depression → treated with Lithium,

Depression Treatment

SSRI’s, SNRI’s, MAO inhibitors, Tricylic Antidepressants, psychomotor stimulants, lithium