SOC 168 Test One (Q & A's)

organicism

For Spencer, the term ______ sees parallels between society and organic entities.

• Negativism

• Realism

• Organicism

• Nominalism

symbolic interactionist

If I was interested in studying how college students define and interpret the concept of sexual consent, I am applying the ________________ theoretical paradigm.

 

• Behavioral economics

• Conflict

• Structural functionalism

• Exchange

• Symbolic Interactionist

true

T/F: Comte thought individuals were inherently, even instinctually selfish, and only social structures could restrain people and direct their efforts toward order and progress.

 How is the system held together?

The key question for a structural functionalist is….

Metaphysical

Comte’s ______ stage refers to a period when people explain absolute truth via abstract and mysterious forces that may or may not be religious in nature.

increasing integration

During which part of Spencer’s evolution does phenomena go from a less to a more coherent form?

positivism

Which of the following was a cohesive theme among the early French sociologists?

differentiation

During which part of Spencer’s evolution does phenomena go from homogeneity to heterogeneity?

diversity and initial advances toward civilization, like the development of government, science, and the arts

Spencer’s primary way of categorizing societies is based on compounding. Which of the following best describes double-compound societies?

• little if any diversity and few people in positions of authority because structures have yet to evolve

• fully evolved and civilized, immense diversity, and complex social structures

• diversity and initial advances toward civilization, like the development of government, science, and the arts

true

T/F: Given what Comte thought about social statics, today he would be classified as a structural-functionalist.

despotism

Tocqueville argues that while ______ declined in the waning days of aristocracies as nobles and monarchs gave up power, it could rise again in democracies if citizens become remote or even removed from the political world.

spencer

Who, among the theorists that we discussed in the second class, theorized that as societies grow in size and population, they evolve to become more differentiated?

theology

Comte theorizes that ______ provides order, but also stagnation.

socialism

Which of the following ws NOT among the intellectual currents that were embraced by early British sociologists?   

true

T/F: Tocqueville was more supportive of direct participatory democracy than representative democracy.

false

T/F: Tocqueville’s discussions on colonialism suggest that he was a racialist who supported the colonization of what he thought were “lesser” people by not advocating for de-colonization.

theological

Comte’s ______ stage refers to a period when people explain absolute truth via supernatural forces.

He admired the moral and affectual (emotional) aspects of women.

Which of the following is TRUE of Comte’s view of women?

conflict

If I was interested in studying how the current political system systematically gives significant advantages to those persons and groups that donate the most money to politicians, I am applying the ________________ theoretical paradigm.

social dynamics

Comte built a sociology based on the distinction between social statics and ______.

Pareto

According to Chapter 1, which of the following was NOT an early French sociologist? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY

individuals

Spencer thought ______ are the basic unit of society.

militant

According to Spencer, ______ societies are dominated by regulative social structures.

Sociology

In Comte’s “hierarchy of the sciences” mathematics was at the bottom and ______________(the “Queen Science”) was at the top.

true

T/F: Critics of Comte have a valid critique that he ultimately turned his positivism into a religious-like way of thinking that in many ways mirrors the theology he was so strongly against.

fully evolved and civilized, immense diversity, and complex social structures

Spencer’s primary way of categorizing societies is based on compounding. Which of the following describes triple-compound societies?

• diversity and initial advances toward civilization, like the development of government, science, and the arts

• little if any diversity and few people in positions of authority because structures have yet to evolve

• limited diversity and a few individuals in positions of authority within a basic or very elementary social structures

• fully evolved and civilized, immense diversity, and complex social structures

 

mid-1800s

When did sociologists (as opposed to social thinkers) first appear? 

• ancient Greeks and Romans

• after World War I (1918)

• Middle-Ages

• Renaissance (1400s)

• mid-1800s

centralization

Shortly after the September 11th attacks on the United States, the federal government quickly created the Department of Homeland Security, uniting over 20 different agencies into a single government entity. Which of Tocqueville’s problems of democracy could this consolidation of authority indicate?

positivism

The term _________________ is usually used to mean the search for permanent and absolute laws of both the natural and the social world?

true

T/F: There was a debate among early sociologists about how much social science should mirror the natural sciences.

 militant, industrial

According to Spencer, ______ societies are dominated by regulative social structures, while ______ societies are dominated by sustaining social structures.

definiteness

Which of the following dimensions of evolution did Spencer claim involves a clear demarcation of social institutions?

• definiteness

• integration

• increasing coherence

• heterogeneity

true

T/F: Tocqueville argued there is less of a need for people to create civil associations in aristocratic societies.