Developmental Neuroscience

Anterior neural tube becomes _____. Posterior neural tube becomes _______.

anterior: future brain

posterior: spinal cord

the prosencephalon develops into?

the forebrain - telencephalon and diencephalon

the mesencephalon develops into?

the midbrain - mesencephalon

the rhombencephalon develops into?

the hindbrain - metencephalon and myelencephalon

the telencephalon develops into? (3)

Olfactory lobes: smell, Hippocampus: memory storage, Cerebrum: association (“intelligence”)

the diencephalon develops into? (4)

Optic vesicle: vision (retina), Epithalamus: pineal gland (diurnal rhythm), Thalamus: relay centre for optic + auditory neurons, Hypothalamus: temperature sleep and breathing regulation

the mesencephalon develops into? (1)

Midbrain: temperature regulation, motor control, motivation and emotional control

the metencephalon develops into? (2)

Cerebellum: coordination of complex muscular movements, Pons: fiber tracts between cerebellum and cerebrum

the myelencephalon develops into? (1)

Medulla: reflex center of involuntary activities

where is Otx2 expressed during forebrain segmentation?

prosencephalon and mesencephalon

where is Pax6 expressed during forebrain segmentation?

prosencephalon (all six prosomeres [neuromeres])

where is Six3 expressed during forebrain segmentation?

from prosomere 6 to prosomere 3 (stopping before the ZLI [ zona limitans intrathalamica ]

where is Irx3 expressed during forebrain segmentation?

from prosomere 2, the mesencephalon, and to rhombomere 7 (starts after the ZLI [ zona limitans intrathalamica ]