APUSH unit 2: 1607-1754

Pilgrims

English Puritans who founded Plymouth colony in 1620

Mayflower compact 1620

The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men, set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Absolutists

monarchists that believed the government's power derived from god (not consent of governed)

Squanto

Native American who helped the English colonists in Massachusetts develop agricultural techniques and served as an interpreter between the colonists and the Wampanoag.

Massachusetts bay colony

joint-stock company in MA; located on the harbor for ports

congregationalists

Puritans who wanted to reform the Anglican church from within - formed MA bay colony

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of the MA bay colony

City Upon a Hill

Said by Winthrop; refers to the idea that Puritan colonists emigrating to the New World were part of a special pact with God to create a holy community: a model society to the world/moral commonwealth

Calvinist

a follower of the teachings of John Calvin, a leader of the Protestant Reformation (people of MA bay colony were)

Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson

Two Puritans that started settlements that joined to become the Rhode Island Colony.

Oliver Cromwell

Puritan general who helped lead parliamentary forces during English Civil War, and ruled England as Lord Protector

English Civil Wars

The religious wars in England in the mid 1600's which led to a Puritan England, won by the Puritans under Oliver Cromwell

Interregnum

time between rulers - decreased amounts of Puritans coming to New World

Fundamental Orders

The constitution of the Connecticut River colony drawn up in 1639, it established a government controlled in democratic style by the "substantial" citizens.

Powhatan Wars 1610-1677

Fought over land between the Indians and the English. 1st war: bloody, ended with the marriage of Pocahontas and John Rolfe. 2nd war: even bloodier, peace treaty signed and the Indians were banished from Virginia.

Pequot War 1636-1638

Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indian allies.

Beaver Wars 1628-1701

series of bloody conflicts during which the Iroquois fought the French for control of the fur trade in the east and the Great Lakes region.

Decline of the Huron Confederacy 1634-1649

During the 1630s, smallpox ravaged the Hurons, and their numbers declined to around 12,000. They were allies with the French and fought alongside them in the Seven Years' War.

King Philip's War 1675-1678

Series of assaults by Metacom, on English settlements in New England (Wampanoag Tribe). The attacks slowed the westward migration of New England settlers for several decades.

Pueblo Revolt 1680

Native American revolt against the Spanish in late 17th century; expelled the Spanish for over 10 years; Spain began to take an accommodating approach to Natives after the revolt

Chickasaw Wars 1721-1763

Great Britain and Chickasaw vs Choctaw, Illini, and French. Chickasaw win and English gain land.

Decline of the Catawba Nation (1700s)

Catawba tribe decimated by war and disease that they temporarily ceded land and tribal status. Live in/around north carolina today.

Middle Passage

the slave trade route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S

Salutary neglect 1650-1750

An English policy of not strictly enforcing laws in its colonies

French and Indian War 1754-1763

War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. AKA 7 years war.

Navigation Acts 1651-1673

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England.

Wool act of 1699

English law that made it illegal to ship wool from the American colonies. Example of mercantilism.

Molasses act of 1733

A British law that established a tax on imports of molasses, sugar, and rum from non-British colonies. The law was loosely enforced and New England imported great quantities of West Indian sugar for manufacturing rum. Example of mercantilism

New England Confederation 1643

Weak union of the colonies in Massachusetts and Connecticut led by Puritans for the purposes of defense and organization, an early attempt at self-government during the benign neglect of the English Civil War.

Bacon's rebellion 1676

Armed rebellion in Virginia against Governor William Berkeley, who had the support of the British government. Forces from England came to Virginia to suppress the resistance and reform the colonial government to one that was more directly under royal control.

Stono Rebellion 1739

South Carolina slave revolt that prompted the colonies to pass stricter laws regulating the movement of slaves and the capture of runaways.

Salem Witch Trials 1692

Wave of hysteria swept through Massachusetts regarding outrageous religious convictions and proposed witchcraft. 150 people arrested, 26 convicted. this changed the dynamics of wealth because the wealthy were accused of witchcraft more often than the poor (if convicted, they lose property)

Halfway Covenant 1662

the law passed to make it easier for the less religious children of the Puritans to become baptized members of the Puritan church.

First Great Awakening, 1730s-1760s

Evangelical religious revival that swept through Britain's North American colonies. Strengthened beliefs in religious freedom and challenged the status of established churches.

Evangelism

The spreading of the Christian gospel by public preaching or personal witness

George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards

two biggest preachers during the Great Awakening

Ben Franklin

A delegate from Pennsylvania and proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen colonies.