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Social psychology
Science that studies the influences of our situation with how we view and affect one another.
Social thinking
Social influence
Social relations
Three pillars of social psychology
Evolutionary psychologists
Stated that our inherited human nature predisposes us to behave in ways that helped our ancestors reproduce and survive.
Social neuroscience
Interdisciplinary field that explores the neural bases of social and emotional processes and behaviors and how these things affect our brain and biology.
Culture
Enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and handed down generation to generation.
Social representations
A society’s wide held ideas and values including assumptions and ideology that help us make sense of our world.
Defining the good life
Values influence our ideas of how best to live, like Maslow being guided by his own values.
Professional advice
Psychological advice reflects the advice giver’s personal values.
Forming concepts
Hidden values seep into psychology’s research-based concepts and cultural definitions of mental health.
Labeling
Value judgements are often hidden within our social psychological language.
Hindsight bias
“I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon,” error in judging the future’s foreseeability and in remembering the past events.
Theory
An integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events. Ideas that summarize and explain facts.
Hypothesis
Theories also imply testable prediction/s called _______________.
Correlation
Asking whether two or more factors are naturally associated.
Experimental
Manipulating some factor to see its affect on another.
Status-longevity question
Illustrates the most irresistible thinking error made by social psychologist.
Coefficient
The degree of relationship between two factors.
Advanced correlational research
Can suggest cause-effect relations.
Time-lagged techniques
Reveal the sequence of events.
Statistical techniques
Can also give researchers the influence of third variables.
Random sample
Obtaining a representative group, one in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion.
Unrepresentative sample
Order of questions
Response options
Wording of questionss
Potentially biasing influences (4)
Unrepresentative samples
The importance that the sample represents the population under study matters greatly for accuracy of results.
Wording of questions
Survey wording is a delicate matter, subtle changes in the tone of a question can have marked effects on the results.
Random assignment
The great equalizer; eliminates all extraneous factors and creates equivalent groups.
Control
Manipulating variables
Independent variables
By varying just one or two factors at a time, we can pinpoint their influence.
Logic of experimentation
By creating and controlling a miniature of reality, we can vary one factor and then another and discover how those factors, separately or combines, affect people.
Replication studies
Repeating a research study, often with different participants in different settings to determine if the finding could be reproduced.
Mundane realism
Laboratory need not to be like everyday behavior which is mundane or unimportant.
Experimental realism
It should engage the participants to psychological processes.
Demand characteristics
Cues in an experiment that tell the participant what behavior is expected.
Informed consent
Ethical principle requiring the research participant be told enough to enable them to choose whether to decide to continue or back out.
Debriefing
Post experimental explanation of the study to the participants. It usually discloses deception and often queries participants of their understanding and feelings.
Note 
Flashcard (72)