A&P Lab Exam 2 Functions to know

Nodes of Ranvier

nodes act as gaps between insulating myelin sheath along the axon and allows rapid “jumping” of electrical signals (saltatory conduction)

Gray matter

unmyelinated nerves/axons/tracts

White matter

myelinated nerves/axons/tracts

Motor speech (Brocha’s area)

speech formation 

Wernicke’s area

speech understanding

Auditory

hearing

Gustatory

tasting

Olfactory

smell

Visual cortex

seeing

Basal ganglia

motor control

Fornix/Hippocampus

memory

Pineal body

sleep regulation; can regulate with help of melatonin

Olfactory

I; sensory

Optic

II; sensory

Oculomotor

III; motor

Trochlear

IV; motor

Trigeminal

V; both

Abducens

VI; motor

Facial

VII; both 

Vestibulocochlear

VIII; sensory

Glossopharyngeal

IX; both

Vagus

X; both

Accessory

XI; motor

Hypoglossal

XII; motor

vestibule

utricle + saccule

utricle

horizontal tilting of head

saccule

vertical tilting of head; what macula detect within utricle and saccule

semicircular canals

rotation of head; what cristae detect within ampullae

ampullae 

enlarged areas at base of semicircular canals 

cochlea

hearing

What do hair cells in the organ of corti detect

sound/hearing

telencephalon

cerebrum; conscious thought processes, memory storage and processing

diencephalon

thalamus; relay and processing centers

hypothalamus; centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production 

mesencephalon

midbrain; processing of visual and auditory, maintenance of consciousness 

metencephalon

cerebellum; coordinates complex somatic motor patterns