UC Berkeley Chem 1a Final Flashcards

what kind of light will a molecule with a large HOMO-LUMO gap require?

smaller molecules with a larger HOMO LUMO gap will require higher levels of energy (such as UV light) in order to have the electrons knocked off of the highest orbital

smaller HOMO LUMO gaps means:

absorbance of higher or lower energy?

lower

why does Ne2 not exist?

it is a noble gas and will not want to bond; its bonding energy is zero, equal amounts of bonding and antobonding electrons

2 AO in......

2 MO out!!!!!

what MO is the electon stabilized in?

bonding MO, the electron is stabilized and the energy is lower

what doe sa double bond indicate?

a pure pi bond, one of th leftovers

sigma 2s orbital

sigma star 2s orbital

one has to be shaded

pi 2p orbital

one has to be shaded

pi star 2p orbital

looks like a four leaf clover , use opposite shading

sigma 2p orbital

antibonding sigma 2p orbital

four balls all in a line, went in for handshake, got obliterated,

how to determine hybridization of an atom?

number of electrons domains, a double bond counts as one electron domain

general orbital

where can orbitals never be?

node

how to determine number of nodes?

highest energy -1

ex: 5f orbital hs 4 nodes

how to determine number of orientations an orbital has?

the highest orbital's letter

ex: 5f will have seven orientations

ex: 4p will have 3 orientations

how many number of electrons in each orbital?

2

ex: 2py:2 , 2px:2, 2pz:2

how many nodes do D orbitals usually have?

4

when is the ryberg constant negative?

when electrons lose energy aka theyre relaxing

how to determine which energies can be absorbed by an atom?

has to reach at least to next energy level

why is the ionization energy trend not perfectly linear towards flourine?

there are dips in energy between beryliuim and boron and then in between nitrogen and oxygen. this is because it is eadier to remove an. electron in boron and oxygen since there 2p box has only one extra electron (4 electrons so one box of three has two while the other 2 only have one) ; this is very unfavorable so it will want to be removed

which delta s is favorable?

positive delta s is favorable.

what does a greater number of unpaired electrons indicate?

stronger attraction to a magnt

what will UV light do to an electeron?

eject it off

why do the inner core electrons have a lower kinetic energy?

due to the high coloumbic attraction to the nucleus, more light energy is required to break off the electron so there is less leftover energy which is kinetic

electron affinity

energy change when a neutral atom attracts an electron and becomes an ion

a weaker bond means less or more energy is required?

less energy is required for a weaker bond

what dies a higher wave number mean

higher energy and higher frequency

higher intensity/ bnrightness of light means...

greater NUMBER of electrons ejected

speed of light (m/s) equals

nu/lambda

when pka sees a very acidic pH..

turns into NEUTRAL acid form

when pka sees a very basic pH...

turns into negatively chrged conjugate base

if pkb sees a very basic pOH...

turns in conjugate acid HB+ (positively charged)

if pkb sees a very acidic pOH...

neutral base

when the pk_ are less than the pOH/pH....

they will be in their charged forms

HCl, H2SO4,

strong acids

NH4, COOH, NH4+

weak acids

Cl-, HSO4-, COO-

weak bases

OH-, CH3NH2, NH3

strong bases