AP Psychology Unit 5 + Motivation

Motivation

Need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Instinct

Complex behavior that is rigidly patterned in a species, is unlearned.

Physiological Needs

Basic requirements for living.

Drive-Reduction Theory

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state (or drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy that need.

Incentives

Positive or negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior.

Sensation-Seeking Theory

Theory that describes how people display experience or adventure seeking behavior and boredom susceptibility when basic needs are met.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Principle that performance increases with arousal only to a certain point, after which performance decreases.

Self-Transcendence

Stage proposed by Maslow beyond self-actualization, where we strive for meaning or purpose.

Instincts/Evolutionary Theory

Theory that there is a genetic basis for unlearned behaviors.

Arousal Theory

Theory dictating that the need to maintain an optimal arousal level motivates behavior not associated with physiological needs.

Affiliation Need

Need to build & maintain relationships and belong in a group.

Self Determination Theory

Theory dictating that we feel motivated to satisfy needs for the sake of competence, autonomy, and relatedness.

Intrinsically Motivated

Desire to perform a behavior for its own sake.

Extrinsically Motivated

Desire to perform a behavior to receive a reward or avoid punishment.

Ostracism

Deliberate social exclusion of individuals or groups.

Achievement Motivation

Desire to have mastery, control, to attain a high standard, and for accomplishment.

Emotion

A response across the whole organism that involves physical arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience.

James-Lange Theory

Theory that emotions result from attention to bodily activity.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Theory that bodily responses and emotions happen simultaneously and seperately.

Two Factor Theory of Emotion

Theory that emotion is made up of both physical reactions and thoughts.

Spillover Effect

Effect where arousal/emotions from one event are implicated in another.

Insula

Structure in emotional processing associated with negative emotions.