SELU EXAM 3: Western Civilization

The most immediate cause of the French Revolution:

The government's failure to resolve its debts and other economic problems

Supported the American Revolution but denounced the French Revolution:

Edmund Burke

Owed much to the ideas of the American Declaration of Independence:

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

The French economy of the 18th century was growing due to:

An expansion of foreign trade and industrial production.

The controversy over voting by order versus voting by head in the Estates General saw the Third Estate respond by:

Forming a National Assembly

The major purpose of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution was to:

Protect the New French Republic from it enemies and to satisfy the demands by the Sans culottes for immediate action against those enemies

Adopted by the National Assembly; was a document stating the Principles of the French Revolution:

The Declaration of the Rights of Man

Such developments in the French Revolution as the attack on the Catholic Church, new laws on marriage and divorce, and the adoption of the revolutionary calendar were part of the phase of the Revolution:

Republic of Virtue

Who's plan for a constitutional monarchy was undermined by the attempted flight of the royal family?

The National Assembly's

The chief reason for Napoleon's fast rise to power was:

His series of stunning victories over the enemies of France

In 1798, the French under Napoleon Bonaparte's command attempted to defeat the British by:

Attacking its Egyptian and Near Eastern colonies

Represented economic warfare waged against England to ruin a nation he could not defeat militarily:

Napoleon's Continental System

Was defeated because of Russia's scorched earth policy, Russia's climate and weather (extreme winter), and the czar's (Russia's king) destruction of Moscow:

Napoleon's army

Placed the Catholic Church in France under government control:

The Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Created a new German Confederation including Austria and Prussia:

Congress of Vienna

Was signed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, calling upon the signatories to aid one another in suppressing revolution:

The Troppau Protocol

The main purpose of the Congress of Vienna was:

To restore Europe to pre-1790 boundaries

France was not treated harshly at the Congress of Vienna because a goal of the Congress was:

To maintain Europe's balance of power

At the Congress of Vienna, the Austrian representative___pursued the policy of legitimacy, meaning he endeavored to restore legitimate monarchs on their thrones and to preserve traditional institutions and values:

Prince Metternich

Believed in the economic interpretation of history:

Marx

At its most elementary level, conservatism sought to preserve the achievements of previous generations by:

Subordinating individual rights to communal welfare

Can be viewed as a reaction against the Enlightenment's preoccupation with reason:

The Romantic movement

Led to the unification of Germany and Italy and threatened the stability of Austria and the Ottoman Empire:

Late nineteenth century European nationalism

One reason why the Industrial Revolution began in Britain was because:

Considerable money was available for investment.

In the late eighteenth century; was responsible for the creation of the first modern factories:

Britain's cotton industry

In the nineteenth century; was largely attributable to the disappearance of famine from western Europe:

The European Population Explosion

The invention of the steam engine in Britain was initially triggered by:

Problems in the mining industry

The success of the steam engine in the Industrial Revolution made Britain dependent upon:

Coal.

Karl Marx would not have expected the____to take place in Russia because Russia was largely agricultural:

1917 Communist Revolution

Revolutions in 1848:

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte legally took power as president in France, The revolution of 1848 in France ultimately resulted in a new French Empire under Louis Napoleon, Louis Kossuth fled to Great Britain after the failure of the Hungarian revolution, and Charles Albert led the Italian was for independence and then resigned the throne of Sardinia in favor of Victor Emmanuel II

In Greece, the Greek revolt was successful largely due to:

European Intervention

Following the death of Alexander I in 1825, Russian society under who became a POLICE STATE, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals?

Nicholas I

During the last half of the 19th century, consolidating separate states into a unified nation was common to which two countries?

Italy and Germany

Created the Dual Monarchy of Austria Hungary:

The Ausgleich

An obstacle to German unification in the period from 1815 to 1860 was:

The rivalry between Prussia and Austria

The immediate origins of the Crimean War involved Russia's right to protect:

Christian shrines in Palestine

A result of Bismarck's Austro Prussian War was:

The exclusion of Austria from the North German Confederation

The term "Kulturkampf" refers to:

Bismarck's unsuccessful attack on the Catholic Church

In Russia, the loss of the Russo Japanese War led to what?

The failed Revolution of 1905

In France; had the end result of rallying French citizens to the cause of the Republic:

The Boulanger Crisis

Under the chancellorship of Bismarck, Germany passed___to woo workers away from the Social Democrats:

Social Welfare Legislation

The event which exemplified renewed anti-Semitism in France in the late nineteenth century was:

The Dreyfus Affair

"White Man's Burden":

The belief that it was Western Europe's responsibility to share its "superior" culture with "inferior" nations elsewhere.

Included the Scramble for Africa, conflict over guano (bat poop) in the Pacific Islands, and the emergence of Japan as a western style competitor:

New Imperialism

Saw the first modern use of concentration camps:

The Boer War

In a colony, imperialist nations looked for:

Undeveloped natural resources

During the Congress of Vienna, the former anti Napoleonic Allies nearly went to war over what?

A proposed Russian protectorate in Poland

Italian unification included all of the following:

Cavour provoked Austria by encouraging dissidents and harboring deserters, the Hapsburg states in northern Italy threw their support behind Piedmont Sardinia, and Giuseppe Garibaldi led the republican Red Shirts in conquering Sicily and Naples and then stepped aside to allow the union of northern and southern Italy.