Physiology of Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

What are the three anatomical lobes of the cerebellum?

Anterior, Posterior, and Flocculonodular lobes.

What are the anatomical functional areas of the cerebellum?

Vermis and Cerebellar hemispheres.

What does the vermis control?

Muscle movements of the axial body, neck, shoulders, and hips.

What are the two zones the Cerebellar hemisphere is divided into?

Intermediate and Lateral zones.

What is the function of the intermediate zone of the cerebellum?

Control muscle contractions in the distal portions of the upper and lower limbs.

What is the function of the lateral zone of the cerebellum?

Overall planning of sequential motor movements.

What are the afferent pathways from other parts of the brain to the cerebellum?

Corticopontocerebellar, Pontocerebellar, Olivocerebellar, Vestibulocerebellar, Reticulocerebellar, and Tectocerebellar.

What are the afferent pathways from the periphery to the cerebellum?

Dorsal and Ventral spinocerebellar tracts.

What are the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei?

Dentate, Interposed, and Fastigial.

What are the layers of the Cerebellar Cortex?

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer, and Granule cell layer.

What are the three functional anatomy divisions of the cerebellum?

Vestibulocerebellum, Spinocerebellum, and Cerebrocerebellum.

What functions does the vestibulocerebellum control?

Control equilibrium and postural movements and Contraction of spine/hips/shoulders during rapid changes in positions.

What are the functions of the Spinocerebellum?

Provides coordinated movements of the distal portions of the limbs, Prevents overshoot of movements and tremor, and Controls of ballistic movements.

What are the functions of the Cerebrocerebellum?

Planning of sequential movements, Timing Function, and Extra-motor predictive functions.

What are the Clinical abnormalities of the cerebellum?

Ataxia, Dysmetria, Intention Tremor, Dysarthria, Dysdiadochokinesia, Cerebellar, Hypotonia and Past Pointing.

What are the Nuclei of Basal Ganglia?

Caudate nucleus, Putamen, Globus pallidus, Subthalamic nucleus, and Substantia nigra.

What are the Functions of Basal Ganglia?

Planning and Programming and Regulation of Tone & Posture .

What conditions can result from abnormal function in the putamen circuit?

Athetosis, Hemiballismus, Chorea, and Akinesia.

What aspects of movement the Basal Ganglia contols?

Change the timing and Scale the intensity of movements.

What are the Neurotransmitters in the Basal Ganglia?

Dopamine, GABA, Glutamate, and Acetylcholine.

What are the Clinical Features of Parkinson’s Disease?

Rigidity of the musculature, Involuntary tremor, Akinesia and Bradykinesia

What are the causes of Huntington’s disease?

Loss of GABA neurons in the caudate and putamen, Loss of Acetyl choline neurons in many parts of the brain, and Loss of inhibition cause over excitement of globus pallidus and substantia nigra.