Lesson 5.5. Reactions of Fatty Acids

degradation of fatty acids

Knowing that double bonds cause __________________, they are intentionally removed to prolong product shelf-life.

partial hydrolysis

During a.____________ of Cis fatty acid using b._________________________, some get converted to a c.________________________ and in some molecules d._____________ to different carbons.

a = ?

Nickel and Hydrogen gas at 250 C

During a.____________ of Cis fatty acid using b._________________________, some get converted to a c.________________________ and in some molecules d._____________ to different carbons.

b = ?

low energy trans state

During a.____________ of Cis fatty acid using b._________________________, some get converted to a c.________________________ and in some molecules d._____________ to different carbons.

c = ?

double bonds get shifted

During a.____________ of Cis fatty acid using b._________________________, some get converted to a c.________________________ and in some molecules d._____________ to different carbons.

d = ?

Trans Fats

• By-product of hydrogenation (when double bonds return)

• High risk of cardiovascular disease

Low density lipoprotein (LDL)

Trans fat increases bad proteins known as:

High density lipoprotein (HDL)

Trans fat decreases good proteins known as:

Chylomicrons

Lipoproteins:

• composed mostly of triglycerides

• Transport dietary triglycerides from intestine → tissues

• Largest and least dense; very low protein content

Very Low-Density Lipoproteins

Lipoproteins:

• High in triglycerides, moderate cholesterol

• Deliver triglycerides made in the liver → tissues

• Becomes LDL after triglyceride removal

Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

Lipoproteins:

• Rich in cholesterol

• Delivers cholesterol to cells

• Known as “bad cholesterol” — excess leads to plaque buildup

High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Lipoproteins:

• High in proteins, less triglycerides

• Transports cholesterol from tissues → liver for excretion

• Known as “good cholesterol” — helps remove excess cholesterol

Lipoproteins

Composed of many different lipids with protein components which travels through the blood and is connected to heart disease