Emotional Development 207

Name the differences between mood and emotion

Mood: more broad, longer lasting, hard to place origin, Emotion: shorter, more specific and easier to place stimuli that caused it

What are the functions of emotions?

To guide behaviour, to communicate with others

What did David Hume say about emotions?

Motivational Importance: “reason alone cannot motivate us to do anything”

What are the different components of emotions, in order?

Processing, Appraisal, Somatic, Motor expression, Subjective feeling

What did the study with tennis players find about emotion recognition?

People find it easier to read body language than facial expression

What did Carrol Izzard say about emotion and cognition?

Emotions have to do with motivation, Cognitions have to do with knowledge

What are the 6 basic emotions?

Surprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, happiness

When does emergence of happiness show?

~3 months

When does emergence of anger and sadness show?

4-6 months

When does the emergence of fear happen and what is it related to?

~ 7 months, separation anxiety

When does surprise emerge?

~ 6 months

When does disgust emerge?

~ 4 months

What are the key differences in emotion regulation in younger and older children?

Younger- use more behavioural strategies, Older- use more cognitive strategies

What are the 3 temperament groups stated by Chess and Thomas, what are their prevalence

Easy babies (40%), Difficult babies (10%), Slow to warm up babies (15%)

What are Mary Rothbarts 5 overarching temperament catergories

Distress or anger, Attention span, activity level, Smiling and laughter, Fear (behavioural inhibition)

Behavioural Inhibition

Temperamentally based tendency to respond with fear or wariness in response to novel events- withdraw from engaging

What are the prevalence rates of the 3 different levels of behavioural inhibition

High BI: 15-20%, Intermediate BI: 40-55%, Low BI: 30-40%

What is High BI the greatest predictor of?

Social anxiety (43% prevalence rate with those of high BI)

Name the 5 different countries in Ken Rubins study on behavioural inhibition across cultures from lowest BI to highest.

Italy, Australia, Canada, South Korea, China