Greece and Rome

What was Greece geography?

Greece had mountains that covered most of their mainland. An abundant water and natural harbor. fertile soil. and Mild climate

What was the effect of of having the mountains cover most of greece mainland?

It protected and isolated cities which limited their contact but also caused them to unite as one government

What was the effect of having an abundant water supply

Many people made their living outside working jobs like fishing,trade,etc

What was the effect of having fertile soil

They could do some farming and that caused Greeks to look for more land

What was the effect of having mild climate

People spent a lot of time outside

What is a polis

Greek city-state

How were these city states developed

They had their own government, laws, and army

What was Athens more focused on

Athens was more focused on learning and on the individual

What was Athens government

Democracy meaning that citizens made the laws

What were the social classes based on in athens?

wealth

What was the highest class in society

Aristocracy

When did kids start school in Athens

at 7 years old

Did women have rights in Athens?

No they did not have any rights

What was Sparta more focused on?

Sparta was more focused on the military and conquering areas and taking slaves.

What was the sparta government

Oligarchy which meant that they were ruled by the elite

What was the Sparta social class based on

It was based on skill in battle. Money was not the most important thing

What was the Sparta education

sparta education was military education and it started at 7

What were some similarities between Sparta and Athens

Slaves, City states (polis), legal systems (government), citizenship, Religious (polytheistic)

What were some differences between Sparta and Athens

education,Roles of women,Government (democracy and oligarchy)

When and where was the Persian War

The Persian war was at Marathon which is North of Athens and it was in 490 B.C.

Were the Greeks or the Persian outnumbered

the Greeks

How did the Persians attack Athens

They attacked Athens by sea

Who was the fastest runner in Greece

Pheidippides

What did Pheidippides do?

He carried news home about the victory

How many miles did he sprint

26.2

How many Persian ships attack the people of Athens

800 Persian ships near the the island of Salamis

What happened to the large Persian ships?

they were destroyed

What were the results of the Persian war?

Athens organized the Delian League which was an alliance with other Greek city states

How did the Greeks feel about the Athenian domination

They did not like it

What did Sparta and other enemies of Athens form?

they formed the Peloponnesian league

When and what was the Peloponnesian league

In 404 BC the Spartans captured Athens and Stripped them of their fleet and empire

What is a golden age?

A growth of intellectual and artistic learning

When was the golden age of Athens

477-431 B.C

Pericles

Skillful politician who led Athens through the Golden age

What were Perciles' 3 goals?

1. Stronger democracy

2.Hold and strengthen the empire

3. Glorify Athens

What did Perciles introduce with Stronger democracy

Direct democracy

What is direct democracy

A form of government in which citizens rule directly and not through representatives

What did Pericles was to do to Strengthen Athenian empire

he wanted to strengthen the navy and ensure the safety

What did Pericles want to do to glorify Athens

He wanted to rebuild Athens after it had been destroyed from the Persian war

what did alexander the great do?

He conquered most of Greece and established an empire in Egypt where he spread greek and hellenistic culture

What is hellenistic culture?

The blend of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian, and Indian influences

What was the Ancient library of Alexandria?

The first true research library in the world

Math and physics in Greece

Euclid opened the school for geometry in Alexandria

What is philosophy?

The study of life, knowledge, problems, reality, and reason

Sophist

Workers of wisdom

Who were the Greek philosophers?

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Who was socrates?

470-399 BCE. they were critics of sophist but popular with Athens youth

The socratic method

Continuous questions

Designed to foster deep understandings

Encourage critical thinkers

How socrates die

He was put on trial for corrupting youth and sentenced to death. He drank poison in hemlock

Who was plato

Student of Socrates or continued his work. He wrote the republic and founded a school (427-348 BCE)

Artistole

Went to Plato academy and developed the logic of field of science also opened the school

What was the beginning of early Rome?

According to the legend Rome was founded by Romulus and Remus

What provided protection for Rome?

Alps and Mediterranean Sea

Where was Rome built?

on 7 hills along the Tiber River

What 3 Greeks groups inhabited Rome?

Latins, Greeks, and Etruscans

Republic

officials chosen by the people

Patrician

Wealthy landowners who held most power

Pelbeian

Common man

Sencite

300 patricans

Consuls

2 patrician executives

Assembly

representative group of Plebeians

Tribunes

Elected to protect plebeian interests had veto power

What were the 12 tables

Rome's first written laws

Legacy

Plebeians gain access to high offices and senate

where would the slaves work after they were captured

Latifundias

What are Latifundias

huge estates

What happened to the soldiers in the Italian Peninsula?

They returned home from war without jobs and home and became apart of the poor class

What caused the civil war between the rich and poor romans

They became corrupt with money and luxury and tension were caused between them

What changed within the Roman republic army

The soldiers became more loyal to the generals than to the republic

Who tried to help the Roman that were poor

Tiberius and Gaius

First Triumuirate

Alliance of Crassus, Caesar, and Pompey to control Rome

Caesar

popular and great legal reputation

Crassus

Great wealth and influence

Pompey

Wealthy and military reputation

what was Pompeys plan

Pompey threatened by Caesar since he was very popular and wanted him to disband his army and report home

Caesar crossing the Rubicon

Caesar denies the request and marches his army across the Rubicon which is now a sign of war

What did Caesar become when he returned to Rome and what did he do for Rome

he became a dictator for life and helped the poor get jobs. Expand Rome and increase the salaries of Soilders

How did Caesar die

he was stabbed 23 times in the back

Who accepted the title of Augustus?

Octavian

What did Rome reach while Octavian was ruling

Great peace

How long was Rome in this peace

From 27 BC to 180 AD (207 years)

What was the great peace called

Pax Romana

How was the economy during the Pax Romana

The economy was good. There was uniform trade and and network of roads connecting the empires

What did Octavian change his name to?

Caesar Augustus

What did Octavian do for the government

Stabilized the frontier, glorified Rome, and set up civil service

What was the teaching of Jesus

he was both Jewish and a Roman Citizen

What was Jesus' message

By 30 is was preaching publicly and for 3 years he was preaching, taught, did good works, and preformed miracles.

What did Jesus gather

12 disciples (apostles or pupils)

How did Jesus die?

He was crucified

When was christianity spreaded

during the pax romana

What economic problems did Rome face during it's fall?

Inflation, Agriculture decreased, food shortages, spread of disease

When did the fall of Rome occur?

After the pax romana

What military problems did Rome suffer from?

Germanic tribes were invading Rome and soldiers no longer had loyalty or discipline to Rome

Who helped with the fall of Rome

Diocleation in Ad 284 became the leader

What did he do to Rome

He divided Rome into 2 sides

What did the east speak

Greek