Anatomy & Physiology - HOSA Bowl

Anatomy

Study of body structure.

Physiology

Study of body function.

Homeostasis

Maintaining internal balance in the body.

Metabolism

All chemical reactions occurring in the body.

Tissue

Group of similar cells performing a function.

Organ

Structure made of two or more tissue types.

Organ System

Group of organs working together.

Anterior

Toward the front of the body.

Posterior

Toward the back of the body.

Superior

Toward the head or upper part.

Inferior

Toward the feet or lower part.

Medial

Toward the midline.

Lateral

Away from the midline.

Proximal

Closer to the point of origin.

Distal

Farther from the point of origin.

Sagittal Plane

Divides the body into left and right.

Frontal Plane

Divides the body into front and back.

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into top and bottom.

Dorsal Cavity

Contains cranial and spinal cavities.

Ventral Cavity

Contains thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Cell Membrane

Controls movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Nucleus

Control center of the cell containing DNA.

Mitochondria

Produces ATP energy.

Ribosome

Site of protein synthesis.

Golgi Apparatus

Packages and transports proteins.

Diffusion

Movement from high to low concentration.

Osmosis

Movement of water across a membrane.

Epithelial Tissue

Covers surfaces and lines cavities.

Connective Tissue

Supports, binds, and protects.

Muscle Tissue

Contracts to cause movement.

Nervous Tissue

Conducts electrical impulses.

Axial Skeleton

Skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular Skeleton

Limbs and girdles.

Osteoblast

Bone-forming cell.

Osteoclast

Bone-destroying cell.

Ligament

Connects bone to bone.

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone.

Neuron

Nerve cell transmitting impulses.

CNS

Brain and spinal cord.

PNS

Nerves outside the CNS.

Artery

Carries blood away from the heart.

Vein

Carries blood to the heart.

Capillary

Microscopic vessel for exchange.

Alveoli

Air sacs where gas exchange occurs.

Nephron

Functional unit of the kidney.

Hormone

Chemical messenger released by glands.