Ch 14 - Towards a Global Economy

Conquistadors-

Spanish conqueror of the Americas

Great Dying -

The devastation of American Indian populations by diseases brought over from Europe

Indentured servitude-

System by which a person agreed to work for a period of time in return for being transported to the Americas

Triangular trade-

a colonial pattern of trade that involved the transport of slaves from Africa to the Americas, sugar and other products from the Americas to Europe, and manufactured goods from Europe to Africa

Circumnavigate-

travel completely around

Columbian Exchange-

the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the eastern and western hemispheres

Mercantilism-

Economic philosophy that believed the richer a country was the stronger and more power it was

Mestizos-

person of mixed European and native ancestry

Revenue-

income used to fund a nation's expenses

Why did European countries have advantages over other parts of the world?

Competition with other European countries pushed for innovations like faster ships

Where did competition lead European countries to begin looking for new goods and resources?

In other parts of the world

What country was the first to invest in exploration?

Portugal

Instead of trading, what did Spain and Portugal want?

Direct access to resources

What were 5 reasons countries explored?

Profit, competitiveness, wanting Asian goods, adventure, and spread Christianity

Where was Christopher Columbus attempting to go when landing in the Caribbean?

The Indies

What Spanish conquistador took the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan?

Hernan Cortes

What were some of the results of the influx of Europeans in the Americas and other regions around the world?

Slavery, war, disease

With so many indigenous people dying of disease, where did Europeans look to work their plantations?

First indentured servants, then African slaves

What was the Middle Passage like for slaves?

Horrifying, no room, chained together, disgusting, unsanitary, disease filled, abusive, and long

What were some of the new resources to Europe?

corn, potatoes, beans, squashes, peanuts, avocados, tomatoes, peppers, and cocoa

What were some of the new resources to the Americas?

Peaches, oranges, bananas, sugarcane, coffee, oats, and wheat as well as horses, cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep

How did European trading change in the mid 1700s?

They began taking over countries instead of trading with them

What was the result for European countries as they traded more?

They became richer, stronger, and more powerful

What did the new methods and attitudes open the door for?

The growth of Capitalism

With growing demand on industrial products led to England doing what?

Investing in industry and factories