TOPIC 2: FATS - simple lipids + trans fat

what is a simple lipid?

triglycerides

what are triglycerides?

predominant lipid in foods and in the body

what is triglycerides also known as and what is it made up of?

triacylglycerols

ester composed of 3 molecules of fatty acids linked to 1 molecule of glycerol

what kind of lipids exist in room temp?

lipids that are solid are called fats

lipids that are liquid are called oils

what kind of lipids exist in the body?

lipids are stored in fat cells in the adipose tissue found under the skin or around organs

what kind of fatty acids are there?

saturated FAs (single bond)

monounsaturated FAs (double bond)

polyunsaturated FAs (double bond)

what type of foods are mostly saturated FAs?

animal fats and tropical oils of coconut and palm are mostly saturated FAs

what types of foods are rich in monounsaturated FAs?

olive canola peanut oils are rich in monounsaturated FAs

what types of food are rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs?

sunflower corn soybean oils are rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated FAs

what type of foods provides significant omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs?

fish oil provide significant omega-3 polyunsaturated FAs

degree of saturation - effect on firmness: what is it?

degree of saturation influences the firmness of lipids at room temp

degree of saturation - effect on stability

all lipids become spoiled when exposed to oxygen as it oxidizes and become rancid

what is hydrogenation?

a chemical process by which hydrogen atoms are added to a double bond in a monosaturated or polyunsaturated FA

what is natural occurring trans FA?

produced in the gut of some animals and foods made from these animals may contain small quantities of these fats

what are examples of natural occurring trans FA?

milk and meat products

what is the health effect of naturally occurring trans FA?

little effect on blood lipids

what is commercially created trans FA?

created in an industrial process that adds hydrogen to liquid veg oils to make them more solid, partially hydrogenated oils

what are examples of commercially created trans FA?

potato chips fried foods baked goods

what is the health effect of commercially created trans FA?

increase risk of developing heart disease stroke type 2 diabetes