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What is pharmacokinetics?
What body does to drug - ADME
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
What is bioavailability (F)?
Fraction of orally administered drug absorbed into systemic circulation
F = (AUC oral)/(AUC IV)
Name 3 drugs that shouldn’t be swapped because of pharmacokinetics
Carbamazepine - antiepileptic
Lithium - bipolar
Ciclosporin - immunosuppressant
What are MR/SR drugs used for? (2)
Reduce rate of absorption
Deliver drug to specific region of GI tract
What are the 2 types of morphine for different pain relief?
Oramorph- oral suspension for immediate pain relief
Morphogesic SR - SR tablet for 12 hourly pain relief
What is nifedipine?
DHP calcium channel blocker used in HT and angina
Rapid onset, short duration
Why is omeprazole mostly given as enteric coated?
It’s acid labile
What is omeprazole used for? (4)
Indigestion
Heartburn
Stomach ulcers
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
How does omeprazole work?
Activates at acidic pH
Inhibits PPs in parietal cells
Degrades at pH 5-6
Why are skin patches used and name 2 types?
For SR
Glyceryl trinitrate and fentanyl(replace oral morphine)
Give 3 reasons a patient might not be able to swallow
Stroke - administer via NG-tube/IV line
Severe infection - IV antibiotics
Palliative care - fentanyl patches, diamorphine via syringe driver
What are depot injections?
Deep IM
used to aid compliance with injections weekly/ monthly
absorption by use of thick oils that slow down rate of diffusion from injection site
avoids first pass metabolism
Name 2 examples of depot injections
Norethisterone enanthate in oil (contraception) every 8 weeks
Fluphenazine decanoate in oil (schizophrenia)
Percentage solutions
100% = 100 g per 100 mL or 10 g per 10 mL or 1g per mL
10% = 10 g per 100 ml or 1 g per 10 mL or 100 mg per mL
1% = 1 g per 100 mL or 100 mg per 10 mL or 10 mg per mL
0.1% = 100 mg per 100 mL or 10 mg per 10 mL or 1 mg per mL
What is 0.1mg in mcg?
100mcg
Note 
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