upper extremities venous imaging (textbook)

Rouleau formation

Stacking of RBCs which is indicative of underlying pathology

Piaget-Schroetter Syndrome

Extrinsic compression of the subclavian and axillary veins under the clavicle which can lead to arm swelling and thrombosis.

Pain and swelling, pulmonary embolus, dilated superficial veins

Indications for the upper venous exam

Intima injury, compression of venous thoracic outlet, extrinsic compression

Potential causes of thrombosis in the upper extremities

Deep

Which veins (superficial or deep) have accompanying arteries in the upper venous system

Cephalic and basilic veins

Veins of the superficial venous system

Radial, ulnar, brachial, axillary, subclavian vein

Veins of the deep upper venous system

Cephalic vein

Superficial vein that courses from the radial part of the hand along the lateral aspect of the forearm, then along bicep, ends at axillary vein

Basilic vein

Vein that originates on the medial/dorsal aspect of the hand, ascends posterior medially in the forearm,

In the antecubital fossa

Where does the cephalic vein and basilic vein connect

Median cubital vein

What vein connects the basilic and cephalic vein?

Radial veins

Small paired veins which flow through the back of the hand to the lateral aspect of the forearm

Radial and ulnar

Which two veins combine to form the brachial veins

Ulnar veins

Small paired veins that originate from the deep palmar arch

Brachial and basilic veins

Which veins form the axillary vein

True: different positions will affect the waveform

T or F: for supraclavicular exams, you can only perform Doppler if the patient is supine

Superior vena cava syndrome

Thrombosis or extrinsic compression of the superior vena cava or the right atrium

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

These symptoms may indicate…

Facial edema, dilation of neck veins, bilateral arm swelling

Intrathoracic pressure is decreased, causing an increase in flow

During inspiration, what condition occurs in the upper extremity veins

Median cubital

The cephalic and basilic veins are connected distally by which vein

Internal jugular, subclavian

The innominate vein is formed by the confluence of what two veins

Prominent cardiac pulsatility

Which is a sign of normalcy in the subclavian vein that is not usually present in the lower extremities?

1. Respiratory variation

2. Augmentation

3. Prominent cardiac pulsatility

4. Steady, continuous, non-phasic flow

False, there is 2

T or F: similar to the upper arterial system, the central venous system has one brachiocephalic vein

Ipsilateral brachiocephalic obstruction

Retrograde flow in the internal jugular vein indicates which condition

Paget-Schroetter Syndrome

Compression of the subclavian veins which results in thrombosis is called

True

T or F: the basilica vein is the largest vein in the arm