3.6 Overview of Glial Cells and Their Functions

These flashcards cover the key concepts and functions of glial cells in the brain, their types, and their roles in neurodegenerative disorders.

What are the most abundant cells in the brain?

Glial cells are the most abundant cells in the brain.

What are some types of glial cells?

Microglia, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes are types of glial cells.

What is the primary function of microglia?

Microglia help to remove debris and pathogens in the brain and mount immune responses.

What do oligodendrocytes produce?

Oligodendrocytes produce myelin, which is a fatty conductive tissue that speeds up electrical impulses.

How do oligodendrocytes support neuron function?

Oligodendrocytes produce extensions that wrap around axons to form myelin sheaths.

What role do astrocytes play in the brain?

Astrocytes provide physical support, help hold brain cells in place, and deliver energy and nutrients to neurons.

How is myelin related to neurodegenerative disorders like multiple sclerosis?

In multiple sclerosis, microglia incorrectly label myelin produced by oligodendrocytes as foreign, leading to its destruction.

What is saltatory conduction?

Saltatory conduction is the process by which electrical signals skip over myelin sheaths from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier, speeding up nerve impulses.

What happens when myelin is destroyed in the brain?

Destruction of myelin slows down electrical signals along axons, impairing neuron communication.

What is a consequence of damage to glial cells over time?

Progressive damage to glial cells can lead to loss of functions, affecting independence and daily living.