Transcription & Translation
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21 Terms
Transcription
RNA synthesis from DNA
RNA Polymerase
Enzyme that synthesizes RNA
Promoter
Sequence where transcription begins
Transcription Start Site
Location where RNA synthesis starts
σ Factor
Helps RNA polymerase bind promoter
Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
Ribosome binding site in bacteria
Translation
Protein synthesis from mRNA
Ribosome
Protein-RNA complex that makes proteins
30S Subunit
Small ribosomal subunit (contains 16S rRNA)
50S Subunit
Large ribosomal subunit
70S Ribosome
Complete bacterial ribosome
tRNA
Carries amino acids to ribosome
Codon
3-base sequence coding for amino acid
Anticodon
Complementary sequence on tRNA
Wobble Pairing
Flexible base pairing at 3rd codon position
Start Codon
AUG
Release Factors
Terminate translation
TATA Box
Eukaryotic promoter element.
-35 and -10 Regions
Bacterial promoter consensus sequences.
RNA Polymerase Subunits
α, β, β′, σ.
Transcription-Translation Coupling
In prokaryotes, translation can begin during transcription.
