Vet Tech 1 Lab Quiz 3

Enteral examples

Pill

Tablet

Capsule

Paste

Liquid

Pros of enteral drugs

Less risk of abscess forming

Cheaper

Can put it in food

Cons of enteral administration

Can be challenging to medicate animal

Can cause aspiration ulcers to esophagus

Drug that poses the largest risk for esophagitis

Doxycycline

Steps to pill a dog

1. Head tilted back slightly

   • Left hang grasps muzzle behind canine teeth

   • Right hand lowers jaw and places medication on back of tongue

2. Don’t let go until you see a swallow

3. Get pill back as far as you can to prevent spitting out

Steps to pill a cat

1. Thumb and index finger placed on either side of mouth and slight pressure will aid in opening mouth

   • Right middle finger used to depress mandible and medication placed on back of tongue

2. Don’t let go until they swallow

   • Rub throat

   • Give water [with syringe]

Keys for successful pilling a cat

1. Maintain good head control

2. Don’t let go until they swallow

3. Get pill as far back as you can

Pill guns

1. Helpful if animal is fractious

   1. Will help prevent a bite

   2. Maintain good head control

      1. Fingers over mandible to keep mouth closed

2. Does help to get pill back farther in mouth

3. Can sometimes hold more than one pill

   1. You can also use nylon muzzle a couple sizes too big and use pill gun to pill a dog you aren’t comfortable with

Hiding medication in food

1. Good option for dogs who have good appetite

2. Can make animals have aversion to the food you put it in, especially cats

Capsules

1. Same as pills but sometimes you can open capsule and sprinkle in food if medication is not bitter

2. If dry pilled, follow with water or treat to prevent esophageal damage

Liquids caution

Aspiration

Diastema

Space where there is no teeth

Orogastic

Tube passed from mouth to stomach or distal esophagus to deliver fluids and/or medications

Mouth to stomach measurement

Measure from canine tooth to 13th rib

Mouth to distal esophagus

Canine tooth to 8th or 9th rib

Topical: give liquid or ointment first?

Give liquid then ointment

• Ointment creates a barrier

• Must give liquid and ointment 5 minutes apart

Esophagostomy

• Surgical procedure that must be done by a vet

Gastrostomy

• Surgical placement that has to be done by a vet

• Don’t need to wait for swallow

Jejunostomy

• Surgical placement that must be done by a vet

• Choose if there is blockage to anything cranial to the jejunum

Nebulizers

Commonly used for asthma and respiratory medications; has humidity and medication components

Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI)

Commonly used for asthma and respiratory medications; similar to normal inhalers— only has medication component

Transdermal gels’ uptake varies on…

Variable uptake depending on the skin; high blood flow areas absorb better than areas with lower blood flow areas

Patches uptake depends on…

Variable uptake depending on blood flow in area, temperature, etc

• OH causes vasodilation, which increases absorption of patch

• Scrubbing the area causes dilation, which increases absorption of patch

Cons of patches

1. Can be eaten, which causes animal to absorb full dose at once

2. Can fall off

3. Children can play with it

Orthopnea

Holding head forward to get a better breath

Parenteral

Introduction of drugs into the body by means other than the GIT

Pharmacokinetics

what the body does to a drug

Pharmacodynamics

What the drug does to a body

ADME stands for

Absorption

Distribution

Metabolism

Excretion

Absorption

Drug absorbed into bloodstream from injection of medicine

Distribution

Perfusion travels to target tissue

Metabolism

(Biotransformation) occurs in liver where enzymes break drug molecule down into metabolites

Metabolites are

less biologically active than the initial drug molecule

Parenteral excretion

Occurs in renal or urinary system

Enteral excretion

GIT; feces

Respiratory excretion

Exhalation